Effects of breeding history and crop management on the root architecture of wheat
Effects of breeding history and crop management on the root architecture of wheat
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育种史和作物管理对小麦根系结构的影响
DOI：
10.1101/2020.02.25.964338
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fradgley N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fradgley N
目的选择最优根系构型(RSA)对于确保小麦(Triticum aestivumL.)可持续生产的遗传增益具有重要意义。在这里，我们检验了这样的假设，即过去的小麦育种已经导致了RSA的变化，而未来的育种努力可以直接专注于RSA，以改善对目标环境的适应。方法我们使用不同的小麦品种进行了田间试验，包括现代和历史上的英国品种和非英国地方品种，在两个试验年的对比耕作制度(免倒耕与常规耕作)或一个试验年的不同播量(标准与高播量)下进行了试验。我们利用田间挖掘、清洗和根冠测量(‘铲子组学’)来描述RSA性状，包括：每株种子根数、根冠根数和根节根数，以及冠根生长角。现代品种的每株根数一般比历史品种少。与常规耕作相比，浅免倒耕平均根数少，根角宽。播种量较高时，单株冠根数也有减少的趋势。在许多根系试验中，存在着显著的按年、按耕作和按播种率的交互作用。结论较小的根系可能是过去选择的结果，这种选择通过减少作物内部的地下竞争来促进历史上的产量增加。作物管理措施对RSA的影响取决于基因型，这表明未来的育种可以在资源高效型耕作系统中选择改良的RSA性状。
AimsSelection for optimal root system architecture (RSA) is important to ensure genetic gains in the sustainable production of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). Here we examine the hypothesis that past wheat breeding has led to changes in RSA and that future breeding efforts can focus directly on RSA to improve adaptation to target environments.MethodsWe conducted field trials using diverse wheat varieties, including modern and historic UK varieties and non-UK landraces, tested under contrasting tillage regimes (non-inversion tillage versus conventional ploughing) for two trial years or different seeding rates (standard versus high rate) for one trial year. We used field excavation, washing and measurement of root crowns (‘shovelomics’) to characterise RSA traits, including: numbers of seminal, crown and nodal roots per plant, and crown root growth angle.ResultsWe found differences among genotypes for all root traits. Modern varieties generally had fewer roots per plant than historic varieties. On average, there were fewer crown roots and root angles were wider under shallow non-inversion tillage compared with conventional ploughing. Crown root numbers per plant also tended to be smaller at a high seeding rate compared with the standard. There were significant genotype-by-year, genotype-by-tillage and genotype-by-seeding-rate interactions for many root traits.ConclusionsSmaller root systems are likely to be a result of past selection that facilitated historical yield increases by reducing below-ground competition within the crop. The effects of crop management practices on RSA depend on genotype, suggesting that future breeding could select for improved RSA traits in resource-efficient farming systems.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Habbib H;Verzeaux J;Nivelle E;Roger D;Lacoux J;Catterou M;Hirel B;Dubois F;Tétu T
通讯作者：
Tétu T
小麦铲组学 I：一种用于表征分蘖物种根系结构和功能的田间表型方法
DOI：
10.1101/280875
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
bioRxiv
影响因子：
--
作者：
L. York;S. Slack;M. Bennett;M. J. Foulkes
通讯作者：
M. J. Foulkes
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
R. Richards;M. Watt;G. Rebetzke
通讯作者：
G. Rebetzke
替代耕作和作物种植系统的农业生产力和氮需求，以改善直播水稻的杂草控制
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
C. Pittelkow;A. Fischer;M. Moechnig;J. Hill;K. Koffler;R. Mutters;C. Greer;Y. Cho;C. Kessel;B. Linquist
通讯作者：
B. Linquist
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Mangalassery S;Sjögersten S;Sparkes DL;Sturrock CJ;Craigon J;Mooney SJ
通讯作者：
Mooney SJ