Atovaquone-Proguanil in Combination With Artesunate to Treat Multidrug-Resistant P. falciparum Malaria in Cambodia: An Open-Label Randomized Trial.

Atovaquone-Proguanil in Combination With Artesunate to Treat Multidrug-Resistant P. falciparum Malaria in Cambodia: An Open-Label Randomized Trial.
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阿托伐醌-氯胍与青蒿琥酯联合治疗柬埔寨的耐多药恶性疟原虫疟疾:一项开放标签随机试验。

DOI:
10.1093/ofid/ofz314
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
4.2
通讯作者:
Wongarunko
Wongarunko
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wojnarski,Mariusz;Lon,Chanthap;Vanachayangkul,Pattaraporn;Gosi,Panita;Sok,Somethy;Rachmat,Agus;Harrison,Dustin;Berjohn,CatherineM;Spring,Michele;Chaoratanakawee,Suwanna;Ittiverakul,Mali;Buathong,Nillawan;Chann,Soklyda;Wongarunko

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最近在柬埔寨青蒿素联合疗法的失败促使人们寻找替代品。阿托伐醌-氯胍(AP),一种安全、有效的治疗多药耐药恶性疟原虫(P.f.)的药物,在柬埔寨的Anlong Veng(AV; n = 157)和克拉蒂(KT; n = 48),将患有P.f.或混合种感染的患者(n = 205)以1:1的开放标签随机分配至固定剂量的3天AP方案+/-3天联合施用青蒿琥酯(ASAP)。单次低剂量伯氨喹(PQ,15毫克),以防止配子介导的transmission.ResultsPolymerase链反应调整足够的临床和寄生虫学反应在42天为90%的AP(95%置信区间[CI],82%-95%)和92%的ASAP(95%CI,83%-96%;P= 0.73)。ASAP在AV中的中位寄生虫清除时间为72小时,KT为56小时(P< .001),与AP单独治疗没有差异。在伯氨喹治疗后1周,ASAP组7%携带显微镜下可见的配子体,而AP组仅为29%(P= .0001)。几乎所有的P.f.菌株都有C580 Y K13螺旋桨青蒿素耐药突变(AV 99%; KT 88%)。只有1的14个治疗失败进行细胞色素bc 1(Pfcytb)阿托伐醌耐药突变,这是不存在的基线。P.F.分离株仍然阿托伐醌敏感体外,但环胍耐药,与三重P.F.二氢叶酸还原酶mutation.ConclusionsAtovaquone-proguanil保持边际有效,在柬埔寨(≥90%)观察到最小的Pfcytb突变。在存在离体阿托伐醌敏感性和足够血浆水平的情况下治疗失败可能归因于环胍和/或青蒿素耐药性。青蒿琥酯联合给药提供了一点额外的血液阶段的疗效,但减少治疗后配子体运输与AP超过单一的低剂量伯氨喹。
BackgroundRecent artemisinin-combination therapy failures in Cambodia prompted a search for alternatives. Atovaquone‐proguanil (AP), a safe, effective treatment for multidrug-resistantPlasmodium falciparum(P.f.), previously demonstrated additive effects in combination with artesunate (AS).MethodsPatients withP.f.or mixed-species infection (n = 205) in Anlong Veng (AV; n = 157) and Kratie (KT; n = 48), Cambodia, were randomized open-label 1:1 to a fixed‐dose 3-day AP regimen +/-3 days of co‐administered artesunate (ASAP). Single low-dose primaquine (PQ, 15 mg) was given on day 1 to prevent gametocyte-mediated transmission.ResultsPolymerase chain reaction–adjusted adequate clinical and parasitological response at 42 days was 90% for AP (95% confidence interval [CI], 82%–95%) and 92% for ASAP (95% CI, 83%–96%;P= .73). The median parasite clearance time was 72 hours for ASAP in AV vs 56 hours in KT (P< .001) and was no different than AP alone. At 1 week postprimaquine, 7% of the ASAP group carried microscopic gametocytes vs 29% for AP alone (P= .0001). Nearly allP.f.isolates had C580Y K13 propeller artemisinin resistance mutations (AV 99%; KT 88%). Only 1 of 14 treatment failures carried the cytochrome bc1 (Pfcytb) atovaquone resistance mutation, which was not present at baseline.P.f.isolates remained atovaquone sensitive in vitro but cycloguanil resistant, with a tripleP.f.dihydrofolate reductase mutation.ConclusionsAtovaquone-proguanil remained marginally effective in Cambodia (≥90%) with minimal Pfcytb mutations observed. Treatment failures in the presence of ex vivo atovaquone sensitivity and adequate plasma levels may be attributable to cycloguanil and/or artemisinin resistance. Artesunate co-administration provided little additional blood-stage efficacy but reduced post-treatment gametocyte carriage in combination with AP beyond single low-dose primaquine.
DOI: 10.1056/nejm198307143090204
发表时间: 1983-01-01
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