Nonnutritive sweetener consumption in humans: effects on appetite and food intake and their putative mechanisms.
Nonnutritive sweetener consumption in humans: effects on appetite and food intake and their putative mechanisms.
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DOI：
10.3945/ajcn.2008.26792
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发表时间：
2009-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Popkin BM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mattes RD;Popkin BM
非营养性甜味剂（NNS）是生态学上新颖的化学感觉信号化合物，影响摄取过程和行为。只有大约15%的美国人每天摄入NNS，但发病率正在上升。它们具有在保持饮食适口性的同时调节糖和能量摄入的潜力，但它们的使用随着人口体重指数的增加而增加。这种联系可能是巧合，也可能是因果关系，其中任何一种方向模式都是合理的。一项对文献的批判性回顾表明，在非能量产生产品中添加NNS可能会增加食欲，但在与其他能量来源一起摄入NNS的更常见情况下并未观察到这种情况。NNS替代营养性甜味剂通常会引起不完全的能量补偿，但没有证据表明其对体重管理的长期有效性。在没有能量限制的情况下，在饮食中添加NNS对减肥或减少体重增加没有任何好处。长期以来和最近的担忧是，在饮食中加入NNS会促进能量摄入并导致肥胖。虽然有些机制值得进一步考虑，但大多数可能发生这种情况的机制并没有得到现有证据的支持。解决这一重要问题需要长期的随机对照试验。
Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are ecologically novel chemosensory signaling compounds that influence ingestive processes and behavior. Only about 15% of the US population >2y/o ingest NNS, but the incidence is increasing. They hold the potential to moderate sugar and energy intake while maintaining diet palatability, but their use has increased in concert with BMI in the population. This association may be coincidental or causal where either mode of directionality is plausible. A critical review of the literature suggests the addition of NNS to non-energy yielding products may heighten appetite, but this is not observed under the more common condition where NNS is ingested in conjunction with other energy sources. Substitution of NNS for nutritive sweetener generally elicits incomplete energy compensation, but evidence of long-term efficacy for weight management is not available. The addition of NNS to diets poses no benefit for weight loss or reduced weight gain without energy restriction. There are long-standing and recent concerns that inclusion of NNS in the diet promotes energy intake and contributes to obesity. Most of the purported mechanisms by which this may occur are not supported by the available evidence, although some warrant further consideration. Resolution of this important issue will require long-term randomized controlled trials.
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2.9
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