Urinary concentrations of metabolites of pyrethroid insecticides in the general U.S. population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002.
Urinary concentrations of metabolites of pyrethroid insecticides in the general U.S. population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1289/ehp.0901275
复制
发表时间：
2010-06
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Needham LL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barr DB;Olsson AO;Wong LY;Udunka S;Baker SE;Whitehead RD;Magsumbol MS;Williams BL;Needham LL
拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂是美国最常用的住宅杀虫剂。我们的目的是通过生物监测评估美国6岁以上人群中具有代表性的人群对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的暴露情况。采用同位素稀释高效液相色谱法/电喷雾化学电离法/串联质谱法，对1999-2002年全国健康与营养调查（NHANES）收集的5046份尿样中5种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的代谢产物进行了测定。使用SUDAAN和SAS软件进行单因素、多因素和Pearson相关分析，并将适当的样本权重纳入分析。多变量分析包括年龄、性别、种族/民族、肌酐、空腹状态和尿液收集时间作为协变量。我们在超过70%的样品中检测到3-苯氧苯甲酸（3PBA），这是许多拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂常见的代谢物。3PBA的最小二乘几何平均（LSGM）浓度（校正协变量）和检测频率从1999-2000年（0.292 ng/mL）增加到2001-2002年（0.318 ng/mL），但不显著。在2001-2002年调查期间和合并的4年调查期间，非西班牙裔黑人的LSGM 3PBA浓度显著高于非西班牙裔白人和墨西哥裔美国人，但在1999-2000年调查期间没有。在NHANES期间，儿童的LSGM 3PBA浓度显著高于青少年，在NHANES 1999-2000期间也高于成人。顺式-和反式-（2,2-二氯乙烯基）-2,2-二甲基环丙烷-1-羧酸相互之间以及与3PBA高度相关，表明尿中的3PBA主要来源于暴露于氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯或它们的降解物。拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂在美国人口中的暴露是普遍存在的，美国居民尿液中代谢物的存在表明儿童可能比青少年和成人接触更多。
Pyrethroid insecticides are the most commonly used residential insecticides in the United States. Our objective was to assess human exposure via biomonitoring to pyrethroid insecticides in a representative sample of the general U.S. population ≥ 6 years of age. By using isotope-dilution high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry, we measured five urinary metabolites of pyrethroid insecticides in 5,046 samples collected as a part of the 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Univariate, multivariate, and Pearson correlation analyses were performed using SUDAAN and SAS software, incorporating the appropriate sample weights into the analyses. Multivariate analyses included age, sex, race/ethnicity, creatinine, fasting status, and urine collection time as covariates. We detected 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA), a metabolite common to many pyrethroid insecticides, in more than 70% of the samples. The least-squares geometric mean (LSGM) concentration (corrected for covariates) of 3PBA and the frequency of detection increased from 1999–2000 (0.292 ng/mL) to 2001–2002 (0.318 ng/mL) but not significantly. Non-Hispanic blacks had significantly higher LSGM 3PBA concentrations than did non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans in the 2001–2002 survey period and in the combined 4-year survey periods but not in the 1999–2000 survey period. Children had significantly higher LSGM concentrations of 3PBA than did adolescents in both NHANES periods and than adults in NHANES 1999–2000. Cis- and trans-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid were highly correlated with each other and with 3PBA, suggesting that urinary 3PBA was derived primarily from exposure to permethrin, cypermethrin, or their degradates. Pyrethroid insecticide exposure in the U.S. population is widespread, and the presence of its metabolites in the urine of U.S. residents indicates that children may have higher exposures than adolescents and adults.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Go, V;Garey, J;Pogo, BGT
通讯作者：
Pogo, BGT
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Olsson, AO;Baker, SE;Barr, DB
通讯作者：
Barr, DB
DOI：
10.1007/s00420-003-0451-8
发表时间：
2003-09-01
影响因子：
3
作者：
Hardt, J;Angerer, J
通讯作者：
Angerer, J
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
EADSFORTH, CV;BRAGT, PC;VANSITTERT, NJ
通讯作者：
VANSITTERT, NJ
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Leng, G;Kuhn, KH;Idel, H
通讯作者：
Idel, H