Environmental influences on the pace of brain development.

Environmental influences on the pace of brain development.
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环境对大脑发育速度的影响。

DOI:
10.1038/s41583-021-00457-5
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发表时间:
2021-06
期刊:
Nature reviews. Neuroscience
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Mackey AP
Mackey AP
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tooley UA;Bassett DS;Mackey AP

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儿童社会经济地位(SES)是衡量物质和社会资源可用性的一项指标,是一生幸福的最有力预测因素之一。在这里,我们回顾了与童年SES相关的经历不仅影响结果,而且影响大脑发育的速度的证据。我们认为,较高的儿童期社会经济地位与较长的大脑结构发育和较长的功能网络分离轨迹有关,最终导致成年期更有效的皮层网络。我们假设更多的暴露于慢性压力会加速大脑成熟,而更多的接触新的积极体验会减缓成熟。我们讨论了大脑发育速度的变化对可塑性和学习的影响。我们提供了一个生成的理论框架,以催化未来的基础科学和转化研究环境对大脑发育的影响。有证据表明,社会经济地位不仅会影响大脑结构和功能发育的结果,还会影响其发育速度。托雷、巴塞特和麦基回顾了这些证据,并提出早期经历的效价和频率相互作用,影响大脑发育。
Childhood socio-economic status (SES), a measure of the availability of material and social resources, is one of the strongest predictors of lifelong well-being. Here we review evidence that experiences associated with childhood SES affect not only the outcome but also the pace of brain development. We argue that higher childhood SES is associated with protracted structural brain development and a prolonged trajectory of functional network segregation, ultimately leading to more efficient cortical networks in adulthood. We hypothesize that greater exposure to chronic stress accelerates brain maturation, whereas greater access to novel positive experiences decelerates maturation. We discuss the impact of variation in the pace of brain development on plasticity and learning. We provide a generative theoretical framework to catalyse future basic science and translational research on environmental influences on brain development. Evidence suggests that socio-economic status can affect not only the outcome of structural and functional development of the brain but also its rate. Tooley, Bassett and Mackey review this evidence and suggest that the valence and frequency of early experiences interact to influence brain development.
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