The identification of a new Giardia duodenalis assemblage in marine vertebrates and a preliminary analysis of G. duodenalis population biology in marine systems.
The identification of a new Giardia duodenalis assemblage in marine vertebrates and a preliminary analysis of G. duodenalis population biology in marine systems.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.02.015
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Sogin ML
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lasek-Nesselquist E;Welch DM;Sogin ML
贾第鞭毛虫是许多脊椎动物的肠道寄生虫。G.人类活动和野生动物活动对海洋环境中的海蛞蝓的影响已有详细记录，包括未经处理的污水和雨水、农业径流和陆生动物粪便的贡献。最近，研究人员在鲸鱼、海豚、海豹和海岸等海洋脊椎动物的粪便中发现了这种原生生物寄生虫。探讨了黑腹叶蝉的种群生物学特性。在海洋生物中，我们确定了G。在美国东、西海岸的两种海豹（Halichoerus grypus、Phoca vitulina vitulina和Phoca vitulina richardsi）中，对来自G.阳性样本进行分子多样性评估，并检查G。分布在这些海豹和其他海洋脊椎动物沿着东海岸。我们发现在G.东海岸和西海岸之间的海豹物种。只有G.在海洋脊椎动物中鉴定出了A、B组合和一个新的谱系，命名为H组合。组合A和B在地理上广泛分布，并显示缺乏宿主特异性。只有灰海豹（Halichoerus grypus）样本和一个海鸥样本（Larus argentatus）从北方位置的科德角，马萨诸塞州，美国显示组合H单倍型的存在;只有一个其他的研究从普吉特湾地区的华盛顿，美国先前记录的组合H单倍型的存在。组合H序列形成一个单系分支，该分支与G的其他七个组合不同。这些组合是相互分离的。发现了一个以前未鉴定的G.这表明这种寄生虫具有更多的遗传多样性，可能比以前认为的更大的宿主范围。
Giardia duodenalis is an intestinal parasite of many vertebrates. The presence of G. duodenalis in the marine environment due to anthropogenic and wildlife activity is well documented, including the contributions from untreated sewage and storm water, agricultural run-off, and droppings from terrestrial animals. Recently, studies have detected this protistan parasite in the feces of marine vertebrates such as whales, dolphins, seals and shore birds. To explore the population biology of G. duodenalis in marine life, we determined the prevalence of G. duodenalis in two species of seal (Halichoerus grypus, Phoca vitulina vitulina and Phoca vitulina richardsi) from the east and west coasts of the USA, sequenced two loci from G. duodenalis-positive samples to assess molecular diversity, and examined G. duodenalis distribution among these seals and other marine vertebrates along the east coast. We found a significant difference in the presence of G. duodenalis between east and west coast seal species. Only the zoonotic lineages of G. duodenalis, Assemblages A and B and a novel lineage, which we designated as Assemblage H, were identified in marine vertebrates. Assemblages A and B are broadly distributed geographically and show a lack of host specificity. Only grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) samples and one gull sample (Larus argentatus) from a northern location of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA showed the presence of Assemblage H haplotypes; only one other study of harbor seals from the Puget Sound region of Washington, USA previously recorded the presence of an Assemblage H haplotype. Assemblage H sequences form a monophyletic clade that appears as divergent from the other seven Assemblages of G. duodenalis as these assemblages are from each other. The discovery of a previously uncharacterized lineage of G. duodenalis suggests that this parasite has more genetic diversity and perhaps a larger host range than previously believed.
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