The role of mechanics during brain development.

The role of mechanics during brain development.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.jmps.2014.07.010
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发表时间:
2014-12-01
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Kuhl E
Kuhl E
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Budday S;Steinmann P;Kuhl E

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卷积是大多数哺乳动物大脑的典型特征。脑表面形态学常与智力有关,并与神经功能障碍密切相关。然而,令人惊讶的是,我们对皮层折叠的潜在机制知之甚少。在这里,我们确定的关键解剖球员在折叠过程中的作用:皮质厚度,刚度和增长。为了建立对临界时间、压力和折叠开始时的波长的估计,我们使用Föppl-von-Kármán理论导出了一个分析模型。分析建模提供了一个快速的第一次洞察折叠开始时的临界条件,但它无法预测复杂的不稳定模式的演变后临界政权。为了预测现实的表面形貌,我们建立了一个计算模型,使用连续理论的有限增长。计算建模不仅证实了我们的分析估计,但也能够预测形成复杂的表面形态与不对称的模式和二次折叠。总之,我们的分析和计算模型解释了为什么较大的哺乳动物大脑往往比较小的大脑更复杂。这两种模型提供了经典的无脑回畸形和多小脑回畸形的机械解释。了解哺乳动物大脑皮质折叠的过程对神经系统疾病的诊断有直接的影响,包括严重的发育迟缓,癫痫,精神分裂症和自闭症。
Convolutions are a classical hallmark of most mammalian brains. Brain surface morphology is often associated with intelligence and closely correlated to neurological dysfunction. Yet, we know surprisingly little about the underlying mechanisms of cortical folding. Here we identify the role of the key anatomic players during the folding process: cortical thickness, stiffness, and growth. To establish estimates for the critical time, pressure, and the wavelength at the onset of folding, we derive an analytical model using the Föppl-von-Kármán theory. Analytical modeling provides a quick first insight into the critical conditions at the onset of folding, yet it fails to predict the evolution of complex instability patterns in the post-critical regime. To predict realistic surface morphologies, we establish a computational model using the continuum theory of finite growth. Computational modeling not only confirms our analytical estimates, but is also capable of predicting the formation of complex surface morphologies with asymmetric patterns and secondary folds. Taken together, our analytical and computational models explain why larger mammalian brains tend to be more convoluted than smaller brains. Both models provide mechanistic interpretations of the classical malformations of lissencephaly and polymicrogyria. Understanding the process of cortical folding in the mammalian brain has direct implications on the diagnostics of neurological disorders including severe retardation, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism.
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影响因子: 4.6
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