A warmer environment can reduce sociability in an ectotherm.
A warmer environment can reduce sociability in an ectotherm.
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.16451
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发表时间：
2023-01
影响因子：
11.6
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
社会化的成本和收益随着环境条件的变化而变化，因此个人必须权衡这些权衡以应对环境的变化。温度是一个突出的环境因素，它可能通过影响食物供应、捕食者丰度和其他生态参数，在改变社会性的成本和收益方面发挥关键作用。在外温动物中，温度的变化也对与社会行为有关的生理特征有直接影响，如代谢率和运动表现。鉴于气候变化，了解温度对社会性的潜在影响非常重要。在这里，我们利用了一个“自然实验”的三刺鱼从对比热环境在冰岛：地热温暖的水体（温暖的栖息地）和邻近的环境温度水体（冷的栖息地），要么连接（同域）或物理上不同（异地）。我们首先测量了在适应低温和高温后从温暖和寒冷栖息地捕获的野生成鱼的社会性。在这两个驯化温度下，从异地温暖的栖息地的鱼类社会比那些从异地冷的栖息地，而从同域温暖和寒冷的栖息地的鱼类没有表现出社会性的差异。要确定是否在异地人口的热栖息地之间的社会性的差异是遗传的，我们使用了一个共同的花园育种设计，其中个人从温暖和寒冷的栖息地饲养在低温或高温两代。我们发现，社交能力确实是遗传的，但也受到饲养温度的影响，这表明早期生活中的热条件可以在影响成年后的社会行为方面发挥重要作用。通过提供饲养温度对社会行为的因果影响的第一个证据，我们的研究为变暖的世界如何影响动物种群的社会性提供了新的见解。我们测试了温度对社会行为的影响，使用冰岛地热温暖湖泊和邻近环境温度湖泊中的三刺鱼。使用一个共同的花园育种设计，我们表明，社会性是遗传和饲养温度的影响，这表明在早期生活的热条件可以发挥重要作用，在成年期的社会性的影响。我们的研究为温度对社会行为的因果影响提供了第一个证据，为变暖的世界如何影响动物种群的社会性提供了新的见解。
The costs and benefits of being social vary with environmental conditions, so individuals must weigh the balance between these trade‐offs in response to changes in the environment. Temperature is a salient environmental factor that may play a key role in altering the costs and benefits of sociality through its effects on food availability, predator abundance, and other ecological parameters. In ectotherms, changes in temperature also have direct effects on physiological traits linked to social behaviour, such as metabolic rate and locomotor performance. In light of climate change, it is therefore important to understand the potential effects of temperature on sociality. Here, we took the advantage of a ‘natural experiment’ of threespine sticklebacks from contrasting thermal environments in Iceland: geothermally warmed water bodies (warm habitats) and adjacent ambient‐temperature water bodies (cold habitats) that were either linked (sympatric) or physically distinct (allopatric). We first measured the sociability of wild‐caught adult fish from warm and cold habitats after acclimation to a low and a high temperature. At both acclimation temperatures, fish from the allopatric warm habitat were less social than those from the allopatric cold habitat, whereas fish from sympatric warm and cold habitats showed no differences in sociability. To determine whether differences in sociability between thermal habitats in the allopatric population were heritable, we used a common garden breeding design where individuals from the warm and the cold habitat were reared at a low or high temperature for two generations. We found that sociability was indeed heritable but also influenced by rearing temperature, suggesting that thermal conditions during early life can play an important role in influencing social behaviour in adulthood. By providing the first evidence for a causal effect of rearing temperature on social behaviour, our study provides novel insights into how a warming world may influence sociality in animal populations. We tested the effect of temperature on social behaviour using threespine sticklebacks from geothermally warmed lakes and adjacent ambient‐temperature lakes in Iceland. Using a common garden breeding design, we show that sociability is both heritable and influenced by rearing temperature, suggesting that thermal conditions during early life can play an important role in influencing sociability in adulthood. Our study provides the first evidence for a causal effect of temperature on social behaviour, offering novel insights into how a warming world may influence sociality in animal populations.
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