Host phylogeny determines viral persistence and replication in novel hosts.
Host phylogeny determines viral persistence and replication in novel hosts.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1002260
复制
发表时间：
2011-09
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Jiggins FM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Longdon B;Hadfield JD;Webster CL;Obbard DJ;Jiggins FM
病原体转移到新的宿主可能导致新的传染病的出现，确定哪些物种可能是这种宿主转移的来源，对于了解对人类和野生动物的疾病威胁至关重要。然而，决定病原体能否感染新宿主的因素却知之甚少。我们研究了三种宿主特异性rna病毒（来自横纹病毒科的果蝇sigma病毒）在51种不同种类果蝇中的持续和复制能力。利用一种新的分析方法，我们发现宿主系统发育可以解释不同宿主物种之间病毒复制和持久性的大部分差异。这种效应部分是由于病毒在那些与原始宿主关系最密切的新宿主体内达到更高的滴度。然而，宿主系统发育也有很强的影响，与原始宿主的距离无关，病毒滴度在相关宿主群体中是相似的。这种影响大部分可以用对所有三种西格玛病毒的总体易感性的变化来解释，因为这三种病毒的滴度有很强的系统发育相关性。这些结果表明，新出现的疾病的来源通常可以从宿主系统发育中预测，但其影响可能比简单地导致大多数宿主在密切相关的宿主之间发生转移更为复杂。新出现的传染病，如SARS、艾滋病毒和猪源性流感，都是最近由人类从其他物种获得的。了解寄生虫在不同宿主物种之间跳跃的原因，对于让我们预测未来的威胁和了解疾病出现的原因至关重要。在这里，我们询问宿主亲缘关系如何决定在最重要的一组新发疾病——rna病毒中何时发生宿主转移。我们表明，宿主物种之间的关系是决定病毒暴露后在新宿主中持续存在和复制能力的主要因素。这可以分为两个部分。首先，与病毒自然宿主密切相关的物种比远亲物种更容易感染。其次，不受距离效应的影响，亲缘关系密切的寄主种群具有相似的易感程度。这对我们对疾病出现的理解具有重要意义，直到现在，对病毒的唯一大规模研究都是相关的，而不是实验性的。我们还发现了对这些病毒敏感但与自然宿主有远亲关系的亲缘物种群体，这可能解释了为什么病毒有时会在远亲物种之间跳跃。
Pathogens switching to new hosts can result in the emergence of new infectious diseases, and determining which species are likely to be sources of such host shifts is essential to understanding disease threats to both humans and wildlife. However, the factors that determine whether a pathogen can infect a novel host are poorly understood. We have examined the ability of three host-specific RNA-viruses (Drosophila sigma viruses from the family Rhabdoviridae) to persist and replicate in 51 different species of Drosophilidae. Using a novel analytical approach we found that the host phylogeny could explain most of the variation in viral replication and persistence between different host species. This effect is partly driven by viruses reaching a higher titre in those novel hosts most closely related to the original host. However, there is also a strong effect of host phylogeny that is independent of the distance from the original host, with viral titres being similar in groups of related hosts. Most of this effect could be explained by variation in general susceptibility to all three sigma viruses, as there is a strong phylogenetic correlation in the titres of the three viruses. These results suggest that the source of new emerging diseases may often be predictable from the host phylogeny, but that the effect may be more complex than simply causing most host shifts to occur between closely related hosts. Emerging infectious diseases such as SARS, HIV and swine-origin influenza have all been recently acquired by humans from other species. Understanding the reasons why parasites jump between different host species is essential to allow us to predict future threats and understand the causes of disease emergence. Here we ask how host-relatedness might determine when host-shifts can occur in the most important group of emerging diseases—RNA viruses. We show that the relationship between host species is the primary factor in determining a virus's ability to persist and replicate in a novel host following exposure. This can be broken down into two components. Firstly, species closely related to the virus's natural host are more susceptible than distantly related species. Secondly, independent of the distance effect, groups of closely related host species have similar levels of susceptibility. This has important implications for our understanding of disease-emergence, and until now the only large-scale studies of viruses have been correlative rather than experimental. We also found groups of related species that are susceptible to these viruses but are distantly related to the natural hosts, which may explain why viruses sometimes jump between distantly related species.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Hain D;Bettencourt BR;Okamura K;Csorba T;Meyer W;Jin Z;Biggerstaff J;Siomi H;Hutvagner G;Lai EC;Welte M;Müller HA
通讯作者：
Müller HA
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2008.0284
发表时间：
2008-07-22
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Davies, T. Jonathan;Pedersen, Amy B.
通讯作者：
Pedersen, Amy B.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0607968104
发表时间：
2007-03-20
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Gilbert, Gregory S.;Webb, Campbell O.
通讯作者：
Webb, Campbell O.
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Duffy, Siobain;Burch, Christina L.;Turner, Paul E.
通讯作者：
Turner, Paul E.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Hedges, Lauren M.;Brownlie, Jeremy C.;Johnson, Karyn N.
通讯作者：
Johnson, Karyn N.