Therapeutic Strategies for Restoring Tau Homeostasis.

Therapeutic Strategies for Restoring Tau Homeostasis.
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DOI:
10.1101/cshperspect.a024612
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发表时间:
2018-01-02
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Gestwicki JE
Gestwicki JE
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Young ZT;Mok SA;Gestwicki JE

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当蛋白质的合成、加工和降解平衡时,实现正常的tau稳态。总之,调节tau稳态的途径确保蛋白质处于适当水平,并且其翻译后修饰和亚细胞定位得到适当控制。这些途径包括负责翻译后修饰的酶、调节mRNA剪接的系统以及控制tau蛋白周转及其与微管结合的分子伴侣。在tau蛋白病中,这种微妙的平衡被打破。Tau通过翻译后修饰变得异常修饰,它失去了对微管的亲和力,并且它以蛋白毒性聚集体的形式积累。这种不平衡是如何以及为什么发生的?在这篇综述中,我们讨论了分子伴侣和蛋白质稳态的其他组分(例如,蛋白质稳态)网络通常支配tau质量控制。我们还讨论了衰老如何降低这些系统的能力,以及tau突变如何进一步影响这种平衡。最后,我们讨论了小分子抑制剂是如何被用来探测和干扰的tau蛋白质量控制系统,发挥了特别突出的作用,揭示了逻辑的tau蛋白稳态。因此,现在有兴趣将这些化学探针开发成治疗剂,目的是恢复正常的tau稳态以治疗疾病。
Normal tau homeostasis is achieved when the synthesis, processing, and degradation of the protein is balanced. Together, the pathways that regulate tau homeostasis ensure that the protein is at the proper levels and that its posttranslational modifications and subcellular localization are appropriately controlled. These pathways include the enzymes responsible for posttranslational modifications, those systems that regulate mRNA splicing, and the molecular chaperones that control tau turnover and its binding to microtubules. In tauopathies, this delicate balance is disturbed. Tau becomes abnormally modified by posttranslational modification, it loses affinity for microtubules, and it accumulates in proteotoxic aggregates. How and why does this imbalance occur? In this review, we discuss how molecular chaperones and other components of the protein homeostasis (e.g., proteostasis) network normally govern tau quality control. We also discuss how aging might reduce the capacity of these systems and how tau mutations might further affect this balance. Finally, we discuss how small-molecule inhibitors are being used to probe and perturb the tau quality-control systems, playing a particularly prominent role in revealing the logic of tau homeostasis. As such, there is now interest in developing these chemical probes into therapeutics, with the goal of restoring normal tau homeostasis to treat disease.
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