Simplicity is the Ultimate Sophistication-Crosstalk of Post-translational Modifications on the RNA Polymerase II.
Simplicity is the Ultimate Sophistication-Crosstalk of Post-translational Modifications on the RNA Polymerase II.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166912
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发表时间：
2021-07-09
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Zhang Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Venkat Ramani MK;Yang W;Irani S;Zhang Y
RNA聚合酶II的最大亚基的高度保守的C-末端结构域（CTD）包含重复多次的共有七肽（Y1 S2 P3 T4 S5 P6 S7）。尽管其序列简单，但必需的CTD结构域协调真核生物转录和共转录过程，包括转录起始、延伸和终止以及mRNA加工。转录周期的这些不同方面依赖于CTD的特异性翻译后修饰（PTM），其中七肽重复中的七个残基中的五个受到磷酸化。已提出了一种称为“CTD代码”的假设，其中这些PTM及其组合产生了一个复杂的景观，用于时空招募转录调节因子到Pol II。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近的实验证据了解CTD的生物学作用，暗示上下文相关的主题，显着提高RNA聚合酶II的准确转录的能力。此外，CTD和组蛋白修饰之间的反馈通信协调染色质状态与RNA聚合酶II介导的转录，确保信息有效和准确地转化为细胞反应。
The highly conserved C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II comprises a consensus heptad (Y1S2P3T4S5P6S7) repeated multiple times. Despite the simplicity of its sequence, the essential CTD domain orchestrates eukaryotic transcription and co-transcriptional processes, including transcription initiation, elongation, and termination, and mRNA processing. These distinct facets of the transcription cycle rely on specific post-translational modifications (PTM) of the CTD, in which five out of the seven residues in the heptad repeat are subject to phosphorylation. A hypothesis termed the “CTD code” has been proposed in which these PTMs and their combinations generate a sophisticated landscape for spatiotemporal recruitment of transcription regulators to Pol II. In this review, we summarize the recent experimental evidence understanding the biological role of the CTD, implicating a context-dependent theme that significantly enhances the ability of accurate transcription by RNA polymerase II. Furthermore, feedback communication between the CTD and histone modifications coordinates chromatin states with RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription, ensuring the effective and accurate conversion of information into cellular responses.
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