Complexity of Father Involvement in Low-Income Mexican American Families*
Complexity of Father Involvement in Low-Income Mexican American Families*
复制标题
低收入墨西哥裔美国家庭父亲参与的复杂性*
DOI：
10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00008.x
复制
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Michele A. Adams
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scott Coltrane;R. Parke;Michele A. Adams
我们在167个有五年级孩子的中低收入双亲墨西哥裔美国家庭中确定了五种类型父亲参与的多重预测因子。分析表明，父亲的平等主义性别态度和母亲的教育程度与父亲参与的程度有关。当家庭更强调家庭仪式时，父亲更多地参与监督和与孩子互动；当母亲工作时间更长时，父亲更多地参与监督孩子；当母亲收入更高且家庭处于经济压力下时，父亲更多地承担家务。与“大男子主义”的刻板印象相反，墨西哥裔男性比更适应文化的男性更有可能照看孩子，并让他们参与传统的女性活动。讨论了理论和实践意义。关键词：家庭，父亲，家务，拉美裔，低收入，墨西哥裔美国人，育儿（《家庭关系》2004,53:179-189）当经济像过去几年那样不景气时，美国的父母们必须努力维持收支平衡，维持家庭。即使在经济状况良好的时候，比如上世纪90年代末，这样的挣扎在低收入家庭中也很常见。在面临经济压力、青少年问题和辍学风险最大的群体中，拉丁裔（西班牙裔）人预计到2050年将占美国人口的近四分之一。三分之二的拉美裔美国人是墨西哥裔美国人，这一人口不成比例地由双亲、工作贫困的家庭组成，他们有独特的需求和文化资源。虽然之前的研究往往忽略了这一群体，但在本文中，我们利用这一人群来调查父亲参与的多个组成部分，并提供与男性参与家庭生活水平较高相关的预测变量的分析。当就业市场不支持充分就业时，边缘化族裔群体的家庭生活就会受到不利影响。虽然传统的文化理想要求男人是唯一的经济支柱，女人是全职妈妈，但当代的劳动力市场越来越要求家庭有两个挣钱的人。通常与女性分担养家糊口、男性分担抚养孩子有关的个人主义和性别理想在拉丁裔家庭中并不普遍。相反，这样的家庭通常被描述为具有高水平的家庭凝聚力和合作（“家庭主义”），但也受到传统性别理想的支配（见Buriel, 1986; Cauce & Rodriguez, 2001; Gonzales, Knight, Morgan-Lopez, Saenz, & Sirolli, 2002; Segura, 1992; Vega, Kolody, Valle, & Weir, 1991）。那么，最近的经济和社会变化是如何影响拉丁裔工人阶级家庭的育儿实践的呢？我们探讨了墨西哥裔美国家庭面临的一些紧张关系和变化，并确定了与低收入和工作贫困社区中父亲参与相关的文化和劳动力市场条件。通过关注男性家庭参与的不同组成部分，我们还提供了关于如何在不同环境中研究父亲身份的方法和概念辩论。最后，我们的研究可以用于改善旨在鼓励父亲参与儿童生活的家庭实践和家庭政策。相互矛盾的文化期望全国调查报告显示，绝大多数美国男人把婚姻和孩子列为他们最宝贵的目标，大多数美国父亲说他们把家庭看得比工作更重要（Coltrane, 1996）。同样，大多数美国人认为女性应该享有与男性平等的权利，应该禁止基于性别的就业歧视。四分之三的美国人认为妻子和丈夫的工作同样重要，十分之九的人认为他们应该共同分担养育子女的所有方面，这反映了性别平等的双重议程。具有讽刺意味的是，调查还显示，美国丈夫和父亲做家务或照顾孩子的相对较少（与他们的妻子相比），美国丈夫和妻子继续认为家庭劳动分工不平衡是“公平的”（Coltrane, 2000）。…
We identify multiple predictors of five types of father involvement in 167 low- to moderate-income two-parent Mexican American families with fifth-grade children. Analyses show that fathers' egalitarian gender attitudes and mothers' education are associated with higher levels of father involvement. Fathers are more involved in monitoring and interacting with children when families place more emphasis on family rituals, they are more involved in supervising children when mothers are employed more hours, and they perform more housework when mothers earn more and the family is under economic stress. Counter to "macho" stereotypes, Mexican-identified men are more likely than more acculturated men to supervise children and engage them in conventionally feminine activities. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. Key Words: families, fathers, housework, Latino (Hispanic), low-income, Mexican American, parenting. (Family Relations, 2004, 53, 179-189) When the economy falters as it has in the past few years, American parents must struggle to make ends meet and maintain families. Even when the economy is doing well, as it was in the late 1990s, such struggles are common among low-income families. Among the groups most at risk for economic stress, adolescent problems, and school dropout are Latinos (Hispanics), who are projected to comprise nearly one-quarter of the U.S. population by the year 2050. Two-thirds of U.S. Latinos are Mexican Americans, a population disproportionately composed of two-parent, working-poor families with unique needs and cultural resources. Though previous research has tended to ignore this group, in this article, we draw on this population to investigate multiple components of father involvement and offer an analysis of predictor variables associated with higher levels of men's participation in family life. When job markets do not support full employment, the family lives of marginalized ethnic groups are adversely affected. Although traditional cultural ideals call for men to be sole breadwinners and women to be stay-at-home mothers, contemporary labor markets increasingly require households to have two earners. The individualism and gender ideals commonly associated with women sharing breadwinning and men sharing child rearing are not prevalent among Latino families. Instead, such families are commonly described as having high levels of family cohesion and cooperation ("familism") but also being governed by traditional gender ideals (see Buriel, 1986; Cauce & Rodriguez, 2001; Gonzales, Knight, Morgan-Lopez, Saenz, & Sirolli, 2002; Segura, 1992; Vega, Kolody, Valle, & Weir, 1991). How, then, have recent economic and social changes affected parenting practices in working-class Latino families? We explore some of the tensions and changes facing Mexican American families and identify the cultural and labor market conditions associated with father involvement in low-income and working-poor communities. By focusing on different components of men's family involvement, we also inform methodological and conceptual debates about how to study fatherhood in diverse settings. Finally, our research can be used to improve family practice and family policy intended to encourage the participation of fathers in children's lives. Contradictory Cultural Expectations National surveys report that the vast majority of American men rank marriage and children among their most precious goals, and most American fathers say they value their families over their jobs (Coltrane, 1996). Similarly, most Americans agree that women should have equal rights to men and that job discrimination on the basis of gender should be prohibited. Reflecting this dual agenda for gender equality, 3 of 4 Americans agree that wives' and husbands' jobs are equally important, and 9 of 10 say they should share all aspects of parenting (Washington Post, 1998). Ironically, surveys also show that American husbands and fathers perform relatively little housework or child care (compared to their wives) and that American husbands and wives continue to judge unbalanced divisions of family labor as "fair" (Coltrane, 2000). …
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
CONGER, RD;CONGER, KJ;WHITBECK, LB
通讯作者：
WHITBECK, LB
黑人和墨西哥裔美国儿童的社会期望模式。
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Rotheram-Borus,MJ;Phinney,JS
通讯作者：
Phinney,JS