Meiotic drive impacts expression and evolution of x-linked genes in stalk-eyed flies.
Meiotic drive impacts expression and evolution of x-linked genes in stalk-eyed flies.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1004362
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Wilkinson GS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reinhardt JA;Brand CL;Paczolt KA;Johns PM;Baker RH;Wilkinson GS
虽然性染色体减数分裂驱动已经在许多物种中观察了50多年，但导致驱动的基因只在少数情况下被发现，并且这些情况都不会导致自然界中的性别比例扭曲。在茎眼蝇（Teleopsis dalmanni）中，驱动X染色体在野生环境中的频率接近30%，但由于驱动和非驱动X染色体之间的重组减少，驱动的遗传基础仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们使用RNAseq来识别携带驱动X（XSR）或标准X染色体（XST）的男性之间差异表达的转录本，并发现了数百个这样的转录本，其中大多数是X连锁的。驱动器相关的成绩单显示增加的水平的序列分歧（dN/dS）相比，一个控制集，并主要表达在睾丸或性腺的两种性别。最后，我们通过估计RNAseq池之间的序列差异证实了XSR和XST是高度发散的。我们发现，X-连锁的成绩单往往是强烈分化（而大多数常染色体成绩单没有），支持一个相对较大的区域的重组抑制XSR推测引起的一个或多个倒位的存在。我们已经确定了一组基因，这些基因是进一步研究性染色体驱动的原因和后果的良好候选者，并证明了减数分裂驱动对该物种中X连锁基因的序列进化和基因表达产生了深远的影响。性染色体减数分裂驱动导致自然种群性别比例的变化，如果驱动因子达到高频率，甚至可能导致灭绝。然而，人们对导致性别比例驱动的基因知之甚少，在自然种群中一直表现出扭曲性别比例的物种中也没有发现因果基因。在东南亚的几种有柄眼的果蝇--拟蝇属--表达X染色体驱动，但由于驱动和标准X染色体之间的重组减少，可能是由于存在大的倒位而导致的，因此很难定位驱动背后的基因。在这里，我们使用高通量RNA测序，以确定超过500个转录本的差异表达，在睾丸中由于驱动X染色体（XSR）的影响，在T。达尔曼尼。这些基因中的大多数是X连锁的，比对照基因进化得更快，并且在性腺中表现出更高的表达。最后，XSR在遗传上已经与标准X染色体不同-使用RNA序列数据，我们在X连锁转录物中发现了近1000个位点，而在常染色体转录物中只有少数位点存在固定的核苷酸差异。我们的结论是，XSR导致了广泛的序列和表达分歧的X染色体在T。达尔曼尼。
Although sex chromosome meiotic drive has been observed in a variety of species for over 50 years, the genes causing drive are only known in a few cases, and none of these cases cause distorted sex-ratios in nature. In stalk-eyed flies (Teleopsis dalmanni), driving X chromosomes are commonly found at frequencies approaching 30% in the wild, but the genetic basis of drive has remained elusive due to reduced recombination between driving and non-driving X chromosomes. Here, we used RNAseq to identify transcripts that are differentially expressed between males carrying either a driving X (XSR) or a standard X chromosome (XST), and found hundreds of these, the majority of which are X-linked. Drive-associated transcripts show increased levels of sequence divergence (dN/dS) compared to a control set, and are predominantly expressed either in testes or in the gonads of both sexes. Finally, we confirmed that XSR and XST are highly divergent by estimating sequence differentiation between the RNAseq pools. We found that X-linked transcripts were often strongly differentiated (whereas most autosomal transcripts were not), supporting the presence of a relatively large region of recombination suppression on XSR presumably caused by one or more inversions. We have identified a group of genes that are good candidates for further study into the causes and consequences of sex-chromosome drive, and demonstrated that meiotic drive has had a profound effect on sequence evolution and gene expression of X-linked genes in this species. Sex chromosome meiotic drive causes changes in the sex-ratios of natural populations, and may even lead to extinction if the driving element reaches high frequency. However, very little is known about the genes that cause sex-ratio drive, and no causal gene has been identified in a species that consistently exhibits distorted sex ratios in natural populations. Several species of stalk-eyed flies in southeast Asia – genus Teleopsis – express X chromosome drive, but the genes underlying drive have been difficult to locate due to reduced recombination between drive and standard X chromosomes presumably caused by the presence of a large inversion. Here, we use high throughput RNA sequencing to identify over 500 transcripts that are differentially expressed in the testes due to the effects of a driving X chromosome (XSR) in T. dalmanni. Most of these are X-linked, evolve more rapidly than control genes, and exhibit elevated expression in the gonads. Finally, XSR has become genetically differentiated from standard X chromosomes – using the RNA sequence data, we found nearly 1000 sites in X-linked transcripts and only a handful in autosomal transcripts where there was a fixed nucleotide difference. We conclude that XSR has led to widespread sequence and expression divergence on the X chromosome in T. dalmanni.
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影响因子：
10.7
作者：
Bastide, Heloise;Cazemajor, Michel;Montchamp-Moreau, Catherine
通讯作者：
Montchamp-Moreau, Catherine
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Baker RH;Wilkinson GS
通讯作者：
Wilkinson GS
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Cocquet J;Ellis PJ;Mahadevaiah SK;Affara NA;Vaiman D;Burgoyne PS
通讯作者：
Burgoyne PS
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2000.0717
发表时间：
2000-11-29
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Charlesworth, B;Charlesworth, D
通讯作者：
Charlesworth, D
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Chevin, Luis-Miguel;Hospital, Frederic
通讯作者：
Hospital, Frederic