Effects of exposure measurement error in the analysis of health effects from traffic-related air pollution.

Effects of exposure measurement error in the analysis of health effects from traffic-related air pollution.
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DOI:
10.1038/jes.2009.5
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发表时间:
2010-01
影响因子:
4.5
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
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在大型流行病学研究中,许多研究人员使用空气污染暴露的替代指标,例如基于地理信息系统 (GIS) 的交通特征或简单的住房特征。重要的是根据测量的污染物浓度定量评估这些替代物,以确定它们的使用如何影响流行病学研究结果的解释。在这项研究中,我们量化了使用验证研究得出的暴露模型以及具有不同测量误差的其他替代模型对流行病学研究结果的影响。我们将之前开发的表征住宅室内二氧化氮 (NO2)、细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 和元素碳 (EC) 浓度的多元回归模型与解释力较低的模型进行了比较,这些模型可能在缺乏验证研究的情况下应用。我们在一系列比值比下构建了一项假设的流行病学研究,并确定了使用各种暴露模型预测住宅室内暴露水平所造成的偏差和不确定性。我们的模拟表明,相对于在缺乏验证研究或性能较差的验证研究模型(例如 EC)的情况下创建的回归模型的应用,具有相当适中的 R2(之前开发的 PM2.5 和 NO2 多重回归模型为 0.3 至 0.4)的暴露模型在流行病学研究性能方面产生了显着改善。在许多研究中,基于验证数据的模型可能是不可能的,因此可能有必要使用具有更多测量误差的替代模型。该分析提供了一种技术来量化在流行病学研究中应用具有不同测量误差程度的各种暴露模型的影响。
In large epidemiological studies, many researchers use surrogates of air pollution exposure such as geographic information system (GIS)-based characterizations of traffic or simple housing characteristics. It is important to evaluate quantitatively these surrogates against measured pollutant concentrations to determine how their use affects the interpretation of epidemiological study results. In this study, we quantified the implications of using exposure models derived from validation studies, and other alternative surrogate models with varying amounts of measurement error, on epidemiological study findings. We compared previously developed multiple regression models characterizing residential indoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations to models with less explanatory power that may be applied in the absence of validation studies. We constructed a hypothetical epidemiological study, under a range of odds ratios, and determined the bias and uncertainty caused by the use of various exposure models predicting residential indoor exposure levels. Our simulations illustrated that exposure models with fairly modest R2 (0.3 to 0.4 for the previously developed multiple regression models for PM2.5 and NO2) yielded substantial improvements in epidemiological study performance, relative to the application of regression models created in the absence of validation studies or poorer-performing validation study models (e.g. EC). In many studies, models based on validation data may not be possible, so it may be necessary to use a surrogate model with more measurement error. This analysis provides a technique to quantify the implications of applying various exposure models with different degrees of measurement error in epidemiological research.
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