A developmental model of addictions: integrating neurobiological and psychodynamic theories through the lens of attachment.

A developmental model of addictions: integrating neurobiological and psychodynamic theories through the lens of attachment.
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DOI:
10.1080/14616734.2018.1498113
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发表时间:
2019-12
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Rutherford HJ
Rutherford HJ
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Alvarez-Monjaras M;Mayes LC;Potenza MN;Rutherford HJ

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虽然药物使用和滥用可能会影响大脑和行为,但目前还不清楚为什么有些人会上瘾,而另一些人则不会。神经科学理论将成瘾解释为一系列系统内和系统间的神经适应,导致越来越多的失调循环,影响奖励,动机和执行控制系统。相比之下,精神分析通过关系的角度来理解成瘾,其中存在潜在的情感调节失败,这种能力在早期发展中形成。考虑到最近的研究结果表明,成瘾和依恋的神经生物学重叠,这可能是可能的,通过依恋的透镜,将这两种观点整合到一个发展模型。本综述的目的是评估神经生物学和心理动力学观点的价值,以告知我们对成瘾,特别是物质使用障碍的理解。
Although substance use and abuse may impact brain and behavior, it is still unclear why some people become addicted while others do not. Neuroscientific theories explain addiction as a series of between- and within-system neuroadaptations that lead to an increasingly dysregulating cycle, affecting reward, motivation, and executive control systems. In contrast, psychoanalysis understands addiction through a relational perspective wherein there is an underlying failure in affect regulation, a capacity shaped early developmentally. Considering recent findings suggesting the neurobiological overlap of addiction and attachment, it may be possible to integrate both perspectives into a developmental model through the lens of attachment. The goal of the present review is to evaluate the value of neurobiological and psychodynamic perspectives to inform our understanding of addiction, particularly substance-use disorders.
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