Sex/gender differences and autism: setting the scene for future research.
Sex/gender differences and autism: setting the scene for future research.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaac.2014.10.003
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发表时间：
2015-01
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Baron-Cohen, Simon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lai, Meng-Chuan;Lombardo, Michael V.;Auyeung, Bonnie;Chakrabarti, Bhismadev;Baron-Cohen, Simon
性/性别差异和自闭症之间的关系吸引了从临床和神经生物学到病因学的各种研究，受到自闭症患病率中男性偏见的刺激。调查结果是复杂的，并不总是以直接的方式相互关联。关于性/性别差异与自闭症之间关系的独特但相互关联的问题仍然没有得到充分解决。为了更好地理解现有研究的含义，并帮助设计未来的研究，我们提出了一个4级概念框架，以澄清嵌入的主题。我们使用检索词“'sex OR gender OR females' AND autism”在PubMed中检索了2014年9月之前的出版物。共筛选了1，906篇文章的相关性，沿着通过其他文献综述识别出的出版物，共审查了329篇文章。第一级，“疾病分类学和诊断挑战”，涉及的问题是，“自闭症应该如何定义和诊断男性和女性？”第2级，“性/性别独立和性/性别依赖的特征”，解决了这个问题，“男性和女性自闭症患者之间的相似性和差异是什么？”第3级，“病因学的一般模型：责任和阈值”，提出了一个问题，“发展自闭症的责任如何与性/性别联系起来？”第4级，“特定的病因-发展机制”，重点是问题，“自闭症的病因-发展机制与性别/性别和/或性别/性别分化有关？”利用这一概念框架，可以更清楚地总结调查结果，不同层次的调查结果之间的联系所涉问题也可以更加清楚。基于这4个层次的框架，我们建议未来的研究方向，方法，和具体的主题在性别/性别差异和自闭症。
The relationship between sex/gender differences and autism has attracted a variety of research ranging from clinical and neurobiological to etiological, stimulated by the male bias in autism prevalence. Findings are complex and do not always relate to each other in a straightforward manner. Distinct but interlinked questions on the relationship between sex/gender differences and autism remain underaddressed. To better understand the implications from existing research and to help design future studies, we propose a 4-level conceptual framework to clarify the embedded themes. We searched PubMed for publications before September 2014 using search terms “‘sex OR gender OR females’ AND autism.” A total of 1,906 articles were screened for relevance, along with publications identified via additional literature reviews, resulting in 329 articles that were reviewed. Level 1, “Nosological and diagnostic challenges,” concerns the question, “How should autism be defined and diagnosed in males and females?” Level 2, “Sex/gender-independent and sex/gender-dependent characteristics,” addresses the question, “What are the similarities and differences between males and females with autism?” Level 3, “General models of etiology: liability and threshold,” asks the question, “How is the liability for developing autism linked to sex/gender?” Level 4, “Specific etiological–developmental mechanisms,” focuses on the question, “What etiological–developmental mechanisms of autism are implicated by sex/gender and/or sexual/gender differentiation?” Using this conceptual framework, findings can be more clearly summarized, and the implications of the links between findings from different levels can become clearer. Based on this 4-level framework, we suggest future research directions, methodology, and specific topics in sex/gender differences and autism.
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DOI：
10.1002/ajmg.b.32165
发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Chang, Shun-Chiao;Pauls, David L.;Santangelo, Susan L.
通讯作者：
Santangelo, Susan L.
影响因子：
10.5
作者：
Baron-Cohen, Simon;Scott, Fiona J.;Brayne, Carol
通讯作者：
Brayne, Carol
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Ben-Itzchak, Esther;Ben-Shachar, Shay;Zachor, Ditza A.
通讯作者：
Zachor, Ditza A.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Baron-Cohen S;Cassidy S;Auyeung B;Allison C;Achoukhi M;Robertson S;Pohl A;Lai MC
通讯作者：
Lai MC
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Beacher FD;Radulescu E;Minati L;Baron-Cohen S;Lombardo MV;Lai MC;Walker A;Howard D;Gray MA;Harrison NA;Critchley HD
通讯作者：
Critchley HD