Modes and models of forebrain cholinergic neuromodulation of cognition.
Modes and models of forebrain cholinergic neuromodulation of cognition.
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DOI：
10.1038/npp.2010.104
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发表时间：
2011-01
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影响因子：
--
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如胆碱能受体拮抗剂引起的严重认知障碍所示，胆碱能神经传递在认知功能中起着至关重要的作用，特别是注意和记忆编码。胆碱能神经传递的异常调节被认为是神经精神疾病认知症状的原因。胆碱能神经元的缺失会加重痴呆症状的严重程度。胆碱能受体激动剂和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂已被研究用于治疗认知功能障碍。使用新技术测量胆碱能神经传递快速变化的实验证据为认知过程的胆碱能调节提供了一个新的视角。这一证据表明，胆碱能调制的变化在几秒钟的时间尺度上是由感官输入线索触发的，并有助于线索检测和注意力表现。此外，有证据表明胆碱能诱导诱发的内在的，持续的尖峰机制，积极维护的感觉输入和计划的反应。模型已被开发来描述的神经元机制的皮层靶电路的胆碱能活动的瞬态调制。这些模型假定烟碱型和毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体的特定位置和作用，并且胆碱能神经传递部分由（皮层）靶回路控制。现有的证据和这些模型指出了新的原则，指导下一代胆碱能治疗认知障碍的发展。
As indicated by the profound cognitive impairments caused by cholinergic receptor antagonists, cholinergic neurotransmission plays a vital role in cognitive function, specifically attention and memory encoding. Abnormally regulated cholinergic neurotransmission has been hypothesized to contribute to the cognitive symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders. Loss of cholinergic neurons enhances the severity of the symptoms of dementia. Cholinergic receptor agonists and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have been investigated for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction. Evidence from experiments using new techniques for measuring rapid changes in cholinergic neurotransmission provides a novel perspective on the cholinergic regulation of cognitive processes. This evidence indicates that changes in cholinergic modulation on a timescale of seconds is triggered by sensory input cues and serves to facilitate cue detection and attentional performance. Furthermore, evidence indicates cholinergic induction of evoked intrinsic, persistent spiking mechanisms for active maintenance of sensory input and planned responses. Models have been developed to describe the neuronal mechanisms underlying the transient modulation of cortical target circuits by cholinergic activity. These models postulate specific locations and roles of nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and that cholinergic neurotransmission is controlled in part by (cortical) target circuits. The available evidence and these models point to new principles governing the development of the next generation of cholinergic treatments for cognitive disorders.
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影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Bitner, Robert S.;Bunnelle, William H.;Gopalakrishnan, Murali
通讯作者：
Gopalakrishnan, Murali
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Arnold, HM;Burk, JA;Bruno, JP
通讯作者：
Bruno, JP
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
BAXTER, MG;BUCCI, DJ;GALLAGHER, M
通讯作者：
GALLAGHER, M
影响因子：
14.5
作者：
Bentley, P.;Driver, J.;Dolan, R. J.
通讯作者：
Dolan, R. J.
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Baxter, MG;Bucci, DJ;Gallagher, M
通讯作者：
Gallagher, M