Managing Requirements Knowledge

Managing Requirements Knowledge
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管理需求知识

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-642-34419-0_2
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Gervasi V
Gervasi V
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gervasi V

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隐性知识的使用是日常交际中的一个普遍特征。它使人们能够有效地沟通,而不必强迫他们把一切都弄得冗长乏味、煞费苦心,只要他们对任何没有弄清楚的事情都有共同的理解。如果后一项标准不成立,就会引起混乱和误解。隐性知识也是常见的要求,它也提供经济的表达。然而,隐性知识的使用也有同样的误解风险,随之而来的问题是,如何预测隐性知识在哪些方面可能造成混淆,以及如何弄清隐性知识在哪些方面实际造成了误解。因此,需求知识的有效交流(无论是口头的、通过文档还是其他媒介)需要理解什么知识是共同的,什么知识不是(必须)共同的。这是很难得到正确的,因为来自不同专业和文化背景的人通常参与。在最坏的情况下,隐性需求知识可能导致软件无法满足客户的需求。在这一章中,我们回顾了不同的观点,从广泛的学科文献中讨论的隐性知识,反映他们的共性和差异,并提出了一个概念框架的需求工程的特点不同方面的隐性知识,区分不同的意见。然后,我们确定未来研究的隐性知识在需求工程中的作用的方法和技术挑战。
The use of tacit knowledge is a common feature in everyday communication. It allows people to communicate effectively without forcing them to make everything tediously and painstakingly explicit, provided they all share a common understanding of whatever is not made explicit. If this latter criterion does not hold, confusion and misunderstanding will ensue. Tacit knowledge is also commonplace in requirements where it also affords economy of expression. However, the use of tacit knowledge also suffers from the same risk of misunderstanding, with the associated problems of anticipating where it has the potential for confusion and of unravelling where it has played an actual role in misunderstanding. Thus, the effective communication of requirements knowledge (whether verbally, through a document or some other medium) requires an understanding of what knowledge is and isn’t (necessarily) held in common. This is very hard to get right as people from different professional and cultural backgrounds are typically involved. At its worst, tacit requirements knowledge may lead to software that fails to satisfy the customer’s requirements. In this chapter, we review the diverse views of tacit knowledge discussed in the literature from a wide range of disciplines, reflect on their commonalities and differences and propose a conceptual framework for requirements engineering that characterises the different facets of tacit knowledge that distinguish the different views. We then identify methodological and technical challenges for future research on the role of tacit knowledge in requirements engineering.
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