A common neural network architecture for visual search and working memory

A common neural network architecture for visual search and working memory
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用于视觉搜索和工作记忆的通用神经网络架构

DOI:
10.1080/13506285.2020.1825142
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
Bocincova A
Bocincova A
中科院分区:
心理学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bocincova A

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视觉搜索和工作记忆是紧密联系的认知过程。注意选择理论认为工作记忆在自上而下的视觉搜索中起着重要作用。然而,视觉搜索的计算模型并不模拟WM。在这里,我们表明,现有的WM模型可以利用其机制的快速可塑性和模式完成执行视觉搜索。在这个模型中,搜索模板,就像一个记忆项,被编码到网络的突触权重中,形成一个瞬时稳定的吸引子。在搜索过程中,模板和视觉输入之间的反复激活放大了目标,并通过相互抑制来抑制不匹配的特征。虽然该模型不能优于专门为搜索设计的模型,但它可以“现成”地说明重要的特征。值得注意的是,它产生搜索显示集大小的成本,重复效应,和多模板搜索效果,定性与经验数据。这也是信息模型未能产生视觉搜索行为的一些重要方面,如抑制重复干扰。此外,如果没有额外的自上而下的指导控制结构,该模型缺乏区分编码和搜索目标的能力。共享架构将视觉搜索理论和视觉工作记忆理论联系起来,突出了它们的共同结构和差异。
Visual search and working memory (WM) are tightly linked cognitive processes. Theories of attentional selection assume that WM plays an important role in top-down guided visual search. However, computational models of visual search do not model WM. Here we show that an existing model of WM can utilize its mechanisms of rapid plasticity and pattern completion to perform visual search. In this model, a search template, like a memory item, is encoded into the network’s synaptic weights forming a momentary stable attractor. During search, recurrent activation between the template and visual inputs amplifies the target and suppresses non-matching features via mutual inhibition. While the model cannot outperform models designed specifically for search, it can, “off-the-shelf”, account for important characteristics. Notably, it produces search display set-size costs, repetition effects, and multiple-template search effects, qualitatively in line with empirical data. It is also informative that the model fails to produce some important aspects of visual search behaviour, such as suppression of repeated distractors. Also, without additional control structures for top-down guidance, the model lacks the ability to differentiate between encoding and searching for targets. The shared architecture bridges theories of visual search and visual WM, highlighting their common structure and their differences.
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发表时间: 2008-01-01
影响因子: 3.1
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