Possible transmission of viruses from contaminated human feces and sewage: Implications for SARS-CoV-2.
Possible transmission of viruses from contaminated human feces and sewage: Implications for SARS-CoV-2.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142575
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发表时间：
2021-02-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Watanabe T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elsamadony M;Fujii M;Miura T;Watanabe T
人类经历了病毒的爆发，如2003年的严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒1（SARS-CoV-1），2012年的东部呼吸道综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV），2014年的埃博拉病毒和现在的SARS-CoV-2。当临床医生寻求疫苗以减少流行病爆发时，环境工程师需要了解污水中病毒实体的后果，因为据报道病毒在人类粪便和污水环境中持续存在超过几天。本文在回顾近年来SARS冠状病毒研究进展的基础上，结合以往的大流行事件，探讨了SARS冠状病毒在人类粪便和污水中的传播途径。鉴于报告的冠状病毒的环境稳定性，粪便和污水来源的传播途径可能对防止2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的前所未有的传播至关重要，特别是在发展中国家。然而，到目前为止，有限数量的研究甚至在人类粪便中检测到传染性SARS-CoV-2，而在粪便和污水标本中鉴定出许多病毒RNA拷贝。因此，该传播途径的可能性仍存在不确定性，需要在未来的研究中进行进一步调查，例如，增加标本数量，检查病毒活力检测方法的有效性，考虑患者病史等。
Humanity has experienced outbreaks by viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) in 2003, Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, Ebola virus in 2014 and nowadays SARS-CoV-2. While clinicians seek for a vaccine to reduce the epidemic outbreak, environmental engineers need to understand consequence of virus entity in sewage given the reported persistency of viruses in human feces and sewage environments for more than days. Herein, we discuss about concerns associated with virus occurrence in human feces and sewage, with attention to the possible SARS-CoV-2 transmission routes, based on the review of recent studies on SARS-CoV-2 as well as the previous pandemic events. Given the reported environmental stability of coronavirus, the feces- and sewage-derived transmission routes may be of importance to prevent unprecedented spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) particularly in developing countries. However, so far, limited number of studies detected infectious SARS-CoV-2 even in human feces, whereas a number of virus RNA copies were identified in both feces and sewage specimens. Therefore, uncertainty remains in the possibility of this transmission pathway, and further investigation is warranted in future studies, for example, by increasing the number of specimens, examining the effectiveness of methods for viral viability test, considering the patient medical history, and so forth.
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