U.S. hookah tobacco smoking establishments advertised on the internet.
U.S. hookah tobacco smoking establishments advertised on the internet.
复制标题
美国水烟吸烟场所在互联网上做广告。
DOI:
10.1016/j.amepre.2011.10.013
复制
发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
5.5
通讯作者:
Barnett,TraceyE
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Primack,BrianA;Rice,KristenR;Shensa,Ariel;Carroll,MaryV;DePenna,EricaJ;Nakkash,Rima;Barnett,TraceyE
BACKGROUNDEstablishments dedicated to hookah tobacco smoking recently have proliferated and helped introduce hookah use to U.S. communities.PURPOSETo conduct a comprehensive, qualitative assessment of websites promoting these establishments.METHODSIn June 2009, a systematic search process was initiated to access the universe of websites representing major hookah tobacco smoking establishments. In 2009–2010, codebook development followed an iterative paradigm involving three researchers and resulted in a final codebook consisting of 36 codes within eight categories. After two independent coders had nearly perfect agreement (Cohen's κ = 0.93) on double-coding the data in the first 20% of sites, the coders divided the remaining sites and coded them independently. A thematic approach to the synthesis of findings and selection of exemplary quotations was used.RESULTSThe search yielded a sample of 144 websites originating from states in all U.S. regions. Among the hookah establishments promoted on the websites, 79% served food and 41% served alcohol. Of the websites, none required age verification, <1% included a tobacco-related warning on the first page, and 4% included a warning on any page. Although mention of the word tobacco was relatively uncommon (appearing on the first page of only 26% sites and on any page of 58% of sites), the promotion of flavorings, pleasure, relaxation, product quality, and cultural and social aspects of hookah smoking was common.CONCLUSIONSWebsites may play a role in enhancing or propagating misinformation related to hookah tobacco smoking. Health education and policy measures may be valuable in countering this misinformation.
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DOI:
--
发表时间:
2003
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
S. Jabbour;Z. El;A. Sibai
通讯作者:
A. Sibai
影响因子:
8
作者:
Knishkowy, B;Amitai, Y
通讯作者:
Amitai, Y
影响因子:
4.5
作者:
Nakkash RT;Khalil J;Afifi RA
通讯作者:
Afifi RA
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2008
期刊:
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA)
影响因子:
--
作者:
Wael Noor El;S. Katharine Hammond
通讯作者:
S. Katharine Hammond
影响因子:
5.8
作者:
Berra, E;Milanini, J;Pouysségur, J
通讯作者:
Pouysségur, J