The rise in narghile (shisha, hookah) waterpipe tobacco smoking: a qualitative study of perceptions of smokers and non smokers.
The rise in narghile (shisha, hookah) waterpipe tobacco smoking: a qualitative study of perceptions of smokers and non smokers.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2458-11-315
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发表时间：
2011-05-14
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Afifi RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nakkash RT;Khalil J;Afifi RA
在中东地区和世界范围内，水烟吸烟（WTS）的流行率正在上升。有证据表明，WTS对健康既有短期影响，也有长期影响，因此世界卫生组织发布了一份咨询说明。本研究旨在深入了解导致黎巴嫩WTS上升的因素。定性焦点小组（25）和深度访谈(9)在黎巴嫩的成年人在2007年进行。参与者在吸烟状况、性别、年龄组和城市/农村居住地方面具有多样性。对访谈和焦点小组进行了主题分析，并注意和总结了反复出现的主题。确定的主要主题是可获得性、可负担性、创新、媒体的影响、缺乏政策框架以及WTS引起的感官特征。男性和女性、吸烟者和不吸烟者、青年和老年参与者对上述主题的重视程度各不相同。这些主题虽然是针对水烟的，但与卷烟行业操纵的主题相似，并最终通过烟草控制政策加以控制。如果要制定适当的预防、戒烟和政策干预措施，了解水烟使用增加背后的原因非常重要。有必要严格遵守《烟草控制框架公约》，同时谨慎和警惕地注意到，高收入国家以及中低收入国家的法律都涵盖所有烟草制品。
The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) in the Middle East region and worldwide is increasing. There is evidence to indicate both short term and long term health effects of WTS, resulting in the issuance of an advisory note by the World Health Organization. This research aimed at gaining an in-depth understanding of the factors contributing to the rise in WTS in Lebanon. Qualitative focus groups (25) and in-depth interviews (9) were conducted with adults in Lebanon in 2007. Participants were recruited to represent diversity in smoking status, gender, age groups and urban/rural residence. The interviews and focus groups were thematically analyzed, and recurrent themes noted and summarized. The main themes identified were availability, affordability, innovation, influence of media, lack of a policy framework, and the sensory characteristics evoked from WTS. Men and women, smokers and non-smokers, and younger and older participants differed in their emphases on the above themes. These themes, though specific to waterpipe, are similar to themes manipulated by the cigarette industry, and eventually controlled through tobacco control policies. Understanding reasons behind the rise in waterpipe tobacco use is important if appropriate prevention, cessation, and policy interventions are to be formulated. Strict adherence to the FCTC is warranted, with careful and vigilant attention that all tobacco products are covered by laws in both high as well as middle to lower income countries.
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影响因子：
12.7
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