Inflammasome activation in infected macrophages drives COVID-19 pathology.

Inflammasome activation in infected macrophages drives COVID-19 pathology.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41586-022-04802-1
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发表时间:
2022-06
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
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--
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严重的 COVID-19 的特点是持续的肺部炎症、炎性细胞因子的产生、病毒 RNA 和持续的干扰素 (IFN) 反应,所有这些都在具有人类免疫系统的 SARS-CoV-2 感染的 MSTRG6-hACE2 人源化小鼠模型中进行了概括,并且是病理学所必需的。在疾病的慢性阶段,用瑞德西韦阻断病毒复制或用抗 IFNAR2 体内的下游 IFN 刺激的级联可以减弱过度活跃的免疫炎症反应,尤其是炎症巨噬细胞。在这里,我们表明 SARS-CoV-2 感染和肺驻留人类巨噬细胞中的复制是疾病的关键驱动因素。响应 CD16 和 ACE2 受体介导的感染,人类巨噬细胞激活炎症小体,释放 IL-1 和 IL-18 并发生焦亡,从而导致肺部的高炎症状态。炎症小体激活及其伴随的炎症反应对于肺部炎症是必要的,因为抑制 NLRP3 炎症小体通路可逆转慢性肺部病理。值得注意的是,这种对炎性小体激活的阻断导致受感染的巨噬细胞释放感染性病毒。因此,炎症小体通过产生炎症细胞因子来对抗 SARS-CoV-2 的宿主感染,并通过细胞焦亡来对抗宿主的自杀,以阻止有效的病毒循环。
Severe COVID-19 is characterized by persistent lung inflammation, inflammatory cytokine production, viral RNA, and sustained interferon (IFN) response all of which are recapitulated and required for pathology in the SARS-CoV-2 infected MISTRG6-hACE2 humanized mouse model of COVID-19 with a human immune system. Blocking either viral replication with Remdesivir or the downstream IFN stimulated cascade with anti-IFNAR2 in vivo in the chronic stages of disease attenuated the overactive immune-inflammatory response, especially inflammatory macrophages. Here, we show SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication in lung-resident human macrophages is a critical driver of disease. In response to infection mediated by CD16 and ACE2 receptors, human macrophages activate inflammasomes, release IL-1 and IL-18 and undergo pyroptosis thereby contributing to the hyperinflammatory state of the lungs. Inflammasome activation and its accompanying inflammatory response is necessary for lung inflammation, as inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway reverses chronic lung pathology. Remarkably, this same blockade of inflammasome activation leads to the release of infectious virus by the infected macrophages. Thus, inflammasomes oppose host infection by SARS-CoV-2 by production of inflammatory cytokines and suicide by pyroptosis to prevent a productive viral cycle.
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