What we can learn from U.S. food policy response to crises of the last 20 years - Lessons for the COVID-19 era: A scoping review.
What we can learn from U.S. food policy response to crises of the last 20 years - Lessons for the COVID-19 era: A scoping review.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100952
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发表时间：
2022-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Freudenberg N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fraser KT;Shapiro S;Willingham C;Tavarez E;Berg J;Freudenberg N
美国政府历来通过修改联邦资助的公共食品计划来应对威胁粮食安全的人类，自然和经济破坏。作者进行了范围审查，以确定和总结20年来为应对紧急情况而修改食品福利计划所做努力的现有证据;描述食品福利计划如何相互作用以支持弱势群体;确定有效实施和影响的关键促进因素和障碍;并评估证据与COVID-19大流行的相关性。范围审查涉及广泛的研究问题，旨在确定一个特定领域的关键概念和现有证据，包括学术和灰色文献以及政府和非政府组织的报告。本次审查遵循PRISMA扩展范围审查，包括三阶段检索策略。由两名研究人员通过多轮审查独立筛选研究的合格性。基于内容的图表方法被用来总结证据。超过2289份文件被确定和筛选。经过审查，对44份文件进行了分析。只有18%的文件报告了计划或政策影响数据。此外，对2016年10月至2020年12月各州FNS灾害援助数据中的149项政策记录进行了审查，评估了96个州对72个不同事件的具体粮食政策反应。分析显示，为应对危机，采用了53套不同的粮食政策修改方案。这一范围界定审查表明，很少有研究记录了为应对危机而修改粮食福利对粮食不安全的影响。大多数文件提供了产出层面的详细资料，说明费用和服务的总人数。许多文件描述了粮食政策对危机的反应，但没有提供对反应的评价。分析指出，SNAP和儿童营养计划是美国危机后最常修改的食品福利计划。检讨最后就持续应对COVID-19危机提出若干考虑因素。很少有研究记录为应对危机而调整粮食福利对粮食安全的影响。相反，大多数研究记录了粮食政策的修改，其经济成本和范围。SNAP和儿童营养计划是美国危机后最常见的修改食品福利。威胁粮食安全的大规模复杂危机需要多管齐下的粮食政策应对。联邦政府可以做更多的事情来限制COVID-19对粮食不安全和饥饿的影响。
The U.S government has historically responded to human, natural and economic disruptions that threaten food insecurity by modifying federally-funded public food programs. The authors conducted a scoping review to identify and summarize available evidence on the efforts of a 20-year period to modify food benefit programs in response to emergencies; describe how food benefit programs interact to support vulnerable populations; identify key facilitators and barriers to effective implementation and impact; and assess relevance of evidence to COVID-19 pandemic. Scoping reviews address broad research questions aimed at mapping key concepts and available evidence in a defined area, and include academic and gray literature and reports from governments and NGOs. This review followed the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews and included a three-stage search strategy. Studies were independently screened for eligibility by two researchers with multiple rounds of review. A content based charting method was used to summarize evidence. More than 2289 documents were identified and screened. After review, 44 documents were analyzed. Only 18% of documents reported program or policy impact data. Additionally, review of 149 policy records from State by State FNS Disaster Assistance Data from Oct 2016–Dec 2020 assessed 96 state specific food policy responses to 72 distinct events. Analysis revealed 53 distinct packages of food policy modifications used in response to crises. This scoping review demonstrates that few studies document the impact on food insecurity of food benefit modifications in response to crises. Most documents present output level details about costs and total number of individuals served. Many documents describe food policy response to crises without providing evaluation of response. Analysis points to SNAP and Child Nutrition Programs as most commonly modified food benefit programs in the wake of U.S. crises. The review concludes with a number of considerations for continued response to the ongoing COVID-19 crisis. Few studies document food security impact of food benefit modifications in response to crises. Instead, most studies document food policy modifications, their economic costs, and reach. SNAP and Child Nutrition Programs are most commonly modified food benefits in wake of U.S. crises. Large scale complex crisis that threaten food security require multipronged food policy response. There is more the federal government can do to limit COVID-19's impact on food insecurity and hunger.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2020685118
发表时间：
2021-02-23
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Perry BL;Aronson B;Pescosolido BA
通讯作者：
Pescosolido BA
影响因子：
8
作者：
Drennen CR;Coleman SM;Ettinger de Cuba S;Frank DA;Chilton M;Cook JT;Cutts DB;Heeren T;Casey PH;Black MM
通讯作者：
Black MM
影响因子：
1
作者：
Edwards, Mark;Heflin, Colleen;Weber, Bruce
通讯作者：
Weber, Bruce
影响因子：
39.2
作者：
Tricco, Andrea C.;Lillie, Erin;Straus, Sharon E.
通讯作者：
Straus, Sharon E.