Role of GluA4 in the acoustic and tactile startle responses.
Role of GluA4 in the acoustic and tactile startle responses.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.heares.2021.108410
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发表时间：
2022-03
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Rubio ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
García-Hernández S;Rubio ME
初级惊吓反应(SR)是一种由突然而强烈的声音、触觉或视觉刺激引起的先天反应。在啮齿动物和人类中，SR涉及面部、颈部和四肢肌肉的反射性收缩。听觉惊厥反应(ASR)通路由听神经纤维(AN)、耳蜗根神经元(CRN)和脑桥尾侧网状核(PNC)的巨细胞组成，这些神经元与颅运动神经元和脊髓运动神经元突触。触觉惊厥反应(TSR)是由初级感觉神经元传递到三叉神经主感觉核(PR5)和三叉神经脊束核(SP5)。PR5的腹侧部分直接投射到PNC神经元。SR需要快速传输感觉信息以启动快速运动反应。Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic酸受体(AMPAR)是向PNC神经元传递听觉信息和诱发SR所必需的。含有谷氨酸AMPAR亚单位4(GluA4)的AMPAR具有快速的动力学特性，这使它们成为传递SR信号的理想候选者。本研究利用GluA4基因敲除(GluA4-KO)小鼠研究了GluA4在主要SR途径中的作用。GluA4的缺失显著降低了ASR和TSR成功的幅度和概率，表明该亚基的存在在STARK途径中的公共位置是关键的。我们的结论是，GluA4的缺失影响了感觉信号从听觉和触觉通路到惊厥反射的运动成分的传递。因此，GluA4是全面反应和可靠地激发惊吓反应所必需的。
The primary startle response (SR) is an innate reaction evoked by sudden and intense acoustic, tactile or visual stimuli. In rodents and humans the SR involves reflexive contractions of the face, neck and limb muscles. The acoustic startle response (ASR) pathway consists of auditory nerve fibers (AN), cochlear root neurons (CRNs) and giant neurons of the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PnC), which synapse on cranial and spinal motor neurons. The tactile startle response (TSR) is transmitted by primary sensory neurons to the principal sensory (Pr5) and spinal (Sp5) trigeminal nuclei. The ventral part of Pr5 projects directly to the PnC neurons. The SR requires rapid transmission of sensory information to initiate a fast motor response. Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPAR) are necessary to transmit auditory information to the PnC neurons and elicit the SR. AMPARs containing the glutamate AMPAR subunit 4 (GluA4) have fast kinetics, which makes them ideal candidates to transmit the SR signal. This study examined the role of GluA4 within the primary SR pathway by using GluA4 knockout (GluA4-KO) mice. Deletion of GluA4 considerably decreased the amplitude and probability of successful ASR and TSR, indicating that the presence of this subunit is critical at a common station within the startle pathway. We conclude that deletion of GluA4 affects the transmission of sensory signals from acoustic and tactile pathways to the motor component of the startle reflex. Therefore, GluA4 is required for the full response and for reliable elicitation of the startle response.
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