Surface Sampling Collection and Culture Methods for Escherichia coli in Household Environments with High Fecal Contamination.
Surface Sampling Collection and Culture Methods for Escherichia coli in Household Environments with High Fecal Contamination.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph14080947
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发表时间：
2017-08-22
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schwab KJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Exum NG;Kosek MN;Davis MF;Schwab KJ
环境粪便污染的经验性量化是了解水、环境卫生和个人卫生干预措施对减少肠道感染的影响的重要一步。有必要使在低收入环境中检查粪便污染的实地研究中用于地表抽样的方法标准化。本文中提出的干布方法改进了文献中显示的取样效率较低的更常用的抽拭技术。利用大肠杆菌对干静电布采样法的回收率进行了评估，然后将其应用于粪便污染和肠道感染高的秘鲁伊基托斯的家庭表面。在三个月的时间里，从一个家庭的不同地板位置同时进行并排测量，以比较大肠杆菌定量的一致性。在实验室环境下，干布取样法对大肠杆菌的回收率为105%（95%置信区间：98%，113%）。现场应用表明，并排结果具有很强的一致性(污垢表面的Pearson相关系数为0.83 (p < 0.0001)，水泥表面的Pearson相关系数为0.91 (p < 0.0001))，入口和厨房样本之间的结果具有中等一致性（Pearson （0.53, p < 0.0001）和加权Kappa统计量（0.54,p < 0.0001））。我们的研究结果表明，该方法可用于使用连续（定量）或分类（半定量）数据的高细菌负荷家庭。这种低成本、干静电布取样方法的标准化可用于测量随机试验干预组和非干预组家庭之间的差异。
Empiric quantification of environmental fecal contamination is an important step toward understanding the impact that water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions have on reducing enteric infections. There is a need to standardize the methods used for surface sampling in field studies that examine fecal contamination in low-income settings. The dry cloth method presented in this manuscript improves upon the more commonly used swabbing technique that has been shown in the literature to have a low sampling efficiency. The recovery efficiency of a dry electrostatic cloth sampling method was evaluated using Escherichia coli and then applied to household surfaces in Iquitos, Peru, where there is high fecal contamination and enteric infection. Side-by-side measurements were taken from various floor locations within a household at the same time over a three-month period to compare for consistency of quantification of E. coli bacteria. The dry cloth sampling method in the laboratory setting showed 105% (95% Confidence Interval: 98%, 113%) E. coli recovery efficiency off of the cloths. The field application demonstrated strong agreement of side-by-side results (Pearson correlation coefficient for dirt surfaces was 0.83 (p < 0.0001) and 0.91 (p < 0.0001) for cement surfaces) and moderate agreement for results between entrance and kitchen samples (Pearson (0.53, p < 0.0001) and weighted Kappa statistic (0.54, p < 0.0001)). Our findings suggest that this method can be utilized in households with high bacterial loads using either continuous (quantitative) or categorical (semi-quantitative) data. The standardization of this low-cost, dry electrostatic cloth sampling method can be used to measure differences between households in intervention and non-intervention arms of randomized trials.
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