Elevating optimal human nutrition to a central goal of plant breeding and production of plant-based foods.
Elevating optimal human nutrition to a central goal of plant breeding and production of plant-based foods.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.07.011
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发表时间：
2009-11
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Pilgeram, Alice L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sands, David C.;Morris, Cindy E.;Dratz, Edward A.;Pilgeram, Alice L.
关键词：
几十年来，高产谷物和其他主食已经产生了足够的热量，使世界大部分地区免遭饥饿。然而，主要作物以及源自这些作物的动物饲料中某些氨基酸、矿物质、维生素和脂肪酸的缺乏，加剧了营养不良问题，以及名义上营养良好的人群中某些慢性疾病（所谓的文明病）发病率的增加。加强全球营养在减少急性和慢性疾病、医疗保健需求、医疗保健费用以及提高教育程度、经济生产力和生活质量方面具有巨大潜力。然而，营养目前并不是大多数植物育种工作的重要驱动力，并且只有少数众所周知的努力来培育适应人类最佳营养需求的作物。技术工具可以大大提高我们主要作物的营养价值。然而，只有在营养性状与重要的农艺产量驱动因素（例如对新出现的害虫或疾病、干旱和盐分、除草剂、寄生植物、霜冻或高温的抵抗力）同时引入的情况下，才能实现主要作物的营养增强。通过这种方式，我们可以规避高产量和低生产成本的自然趋势，从而有效地选择最佳的人类营养。在这里，我们讨论将农业、食品加工、食品运输、社会学、营养学和医学纳入新的食品生产方法的需求和手段，以最佳人类营养为主要目标。
High-yielding cereals and other staples have produced adequate calories to ward off starvation for much of the world over several decades. However, deficiencies in certain amino acids, minerals, vitamins and fatty acids in staple crops, and animal diets derived from them, have aggravated the problem of malnutrition and the increasing incidence of certain chronic diseases in nominally well-nourished people (the so-called diseases of civilization). Enhanced global nutrition has great potential to reduce acute and chronic disease, the need for health care, the cost of health care, and to increase educational attainment, economic productivity and the quality of life. However, nutrition is currently not an important driver of most plant breeding efforts, and there are only a few well-known efforts to breed crops that are adapted to the needs of optimal human nutrition. Technological tools are available to greatly enhance the nutritional value of our staple crops. However, enhanced nutrition in major crops might only be achieved if nutritional traits are introduced in tandem with important agronomic yield drivers, such as resistance to emerging pests or diseases, to drought and salinity, to herbicides, parasitic plants, frost or heat. In this way we might circumvent a natural tendency for high yield and low production cost to effectively select against the best human nutrition. Here we discuss the need and means for agriculture, food processing, food transport, sociology, nutrition and medicine to be integrated into new approaches to food production with optimal human nutrition as a principle goal.
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