Antiviral mechanisms of human defensins.
Antiviral mechanisms of human defensins.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jmb.2013.09.038
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发表时间：
2013-12-13
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Smith JG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wilson SS;Wiens ME;Smith JG
防御素是先天免疫系统的一种效应成分，具有广泛的抗菌活性。人类表达两种类型的防御素，α-和β-防御素，它们对包膜和非包膜病毒都有抗病毒活性。防御敏感病毒种类的多样性反映了多种抗病毒机制。这些包括针对病毒包膜、糖蛋白和衣壳的直接防御蛋白，以及抑制病毒融合和进入后中和。宿主细胞表面受体的结合和调节以及防御素对细胞内信号传导的破坏也可以抑制病毒复制。此外，防御素可以作为趋化因子增强和改变适应性免疫反应，揭示间接抗病毒机制。尽管如此，关于防御素的抗病毒活性仍然存在许多问题。虽然已知α-防御素的重要机制数据，但β-防御素抑制的分子细节大多缺乏。重要的是，由于缺乏完整的防御素敲除模型，防御素抗病毒活性在体内的作用尚未得到解决。总的来说，防御素的抗病毒活性和防御素实现这种抑制的各种机制都得到了很好的证实；然而，需要进一步的研究来充分了解防御素在病毒发病机制中的作用。防御素对包膜病毒和非包膜病毒都有活性。目标包括病毒包膜、糖蛋白、衣壳或宿主细胞。多种抗病毒机制已被描述。它们还可以改变免疫反应来影响发病机制。它们在体内病毒发病机制中的作用尚未得到充分研究。
Defensins are an effector component of the innate immune system with broad antimicrobial activity. Humans express two types of defensins, α- and β-defensins, which have antiviral activity against both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. The diversity of defensin-sensitive viral species reflects a multitude of antiviral mechanisms. These include direct defensin targeting of viral envelopes, glycoproteins, and capsids in addition to inhibition of viral fusion and post-entry neutralization. Binding and modulation of host cell surface receptors and disruption of intracellular signaling by defensins can also inhibit viral replication. In addition, defensins can function as chemokines to augment and alter adaptive immune responses, revealing an indirect antiviral mechanism. Nonetheless, many questions regarding the antiviral activities of defensins remain. Although significant mechanistic data are known for α-defensins, molecular details for β-defensin inhibition are mostly lacking. Importantly, the role of defensin antiviral activity in vivo has not been addressed due to the lack of a complete defensin knockout model. Overall, the antiviral activity of defensins is well established as are the variety of mechanisms by which defensins achieve this inhibition; however, additional research is needed to fully understand the role of defensins in viral pathogenesis. Defensins are active against both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Targets include viral envelopes, glycoproteins, and capsids or host cells. Multiple antiviral mechanisms have been described. They can also alter immune responses to affect pathogenesis. Their role in viral pathogenesis in vivo is understudied.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0897.2007.00561.x
发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Cole, Alexander M.;Cole, Amy Liese
通讯作者：
Cole, Amy Liese
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Doss, Mona;White, Mitchell R.;Hartshorn, Kevan L.
通讯作者：
Hartshorn, Kevan L.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Duits, LA;Nibbering, PH;Hiemstra, PS
通讯作者：
Hiemstra, PS
影响因子：
1
作者：
Eade CR;Wood MP;Cole AM
通讯作者：
Cole AM