Harmonics added to a flickering light can upset the balance between ON and OFF pathways to produce illusory colors.
Harmonics added to a flickering light can upset the balance between ON and OFF pathways to produce illusory colors.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1717356115
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发表时间：
2018-04-24
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Stockman A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rider AT;Henning GB;Eskew RT Jr;Stockman A
通过改变复杂闪烁刺激的时间波形，我们可以产生它们的平均颜色的改变，这可以通过基于生理学的视觉处理模型来预测。该模型突出了大多数视觉通路的一个众所周知的特征的感知效果，即视觉信号的早期分离为增量和减量。这种分离在提高视觉系统的效率和灵敏度方面的作用以前已经讨论过，但它对感知的影响却被忽视了。结合半波整流的模型的应用提供了一个令人兴奋的心理物理学方法来研究人类视觉系统的内部工作。由人眼中的光敏光感受器产生的神经信号在经由视神经传输到大脑之前在视网膜中基本上被处理和重新编码。这种重新编码的一个关键方面是将两个主要的视锥驱动视觉通路内的信号分成不同的ON和OFF分支，这些分支传输关于神经信号在其平均水平附近增加和减少的信息。虽然这种分离在生理上显然很重要，但它对感知的影响尚不清楚。我们已经开发了一个模型的ON和OFF途径在早期的颜色处理。使用这个模型作为指导，我们可以通过改变时变刺激波形的形状来产生ON和OFF通路的不平衡，从而对刺激的感知平均颜色进行可靠和可预测的改变-尽管波形的物理平均值没有改变。该模型中的关键组成部分是早期的半波整流突触，它将视网膜感光器输出分成ON和OFF通路，以及每条通路中后来的S形非线性。通过改变ON和OFF视觉通路之间的信号平衡来系统地改变波形以改变感知质量的能力为解开和研究人类视觉的神经工作提供了强大的心理物理学工具。
By varying the temporal waveforms of complex flickering stimuli, we can produce alterations in their mean color that can be predicted by a physiologically based model of visual processing. The model highlights the perceptual effects of a well-known feature of most visual pathways, namely the early separation of visual signals into increments and decrements. The role of this separation in improving the efficiency and sensitivity of the visual system has been discussed before, but its effect on perception has been neglected. The application of a model incorporating half-wave rectification offers an exciting psychophysical method for investigating the inner workings of the human visual system. The neural signals generated by the light-sensitive photoreceptors in the human eye are substantially processed and recoded in the retina before being transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve. A key aspect of this recoding is the splitting of the signals within the two major cone-driven visual pathways into distinct ON and OFF branches that transmit information about increases and decreases in the neural signal around its mean level. While this separation is clearly important physiologically, its effect on perception is unclear. We have developed a model of the ON and OFF pathways in early color processing. Using this model as a guide, we can produce imbalances in the ON and OFF pathways by changing the shapes of time-varying stimulus waveforms and thus make reliable and predictable alterations to the perceived average color of the stimulus—although the physical mean of the waveforms does not change. The key components in the model are the early half-wave rectifying synapses that split retinal photoreceptor outputs into the ON and OFF pathways and later sigmoidal nonlinearities in each pathway. The ability to systematically vary the waveforms to change a perceptual quality by changing the balance of signals between the ON and OFF visual pathways provides a powerful psychophysical tool for disentangling and investigating the neural workings of human vision.
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影响因子：
1.8
作者：
BOWEN, RW;POKORNY, J;SMITH, VC
通讯作者：
SMITH, VC
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.4036-12.2012
发表时间：
2012-11-14
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Doi E;Gauthier JL;Field GD;Shlens J;Sher A;Greschner M;Machado TA;Jepson LH;Mathieson K;Gunning DE;Litke AM;Paninski L;Chichilnisky EJ;Simoncelli EP
通讯作者：
Simoncelli EP
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Dacey, DM;Lee, BB;Smith, VC
通讯作者：
Smith, VC
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
KREMERS, J;LEE, BB;SMITH, VC
通讯作者：
SMITH, VC
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.4385-10.2011
发表时间：
2011-02-02
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Crook JD;Manookin MB;Packer OS;Dacey DM
通讯作者：
Dacey DM