Future health applications of genomics: priorities for communication, behavioral, and social sciences research.
Future health applications of genomics: priorities for communication, behavioral, and social sciences research.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.amepre.2010.01.027
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发表时间：
2010-05
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Valente TW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McBride CM;Bowen D;Brody LC;Condit CM;Croyle RT;Gwinn M;Khoury MJ;Koehly LM;Korf BR;Marteau TM;McLeroy K;Patrick K;Valente TW
尽管基因组发现的势头不断加快，但将这一发现转化为公共卫生应用所需的通信、行为和社会科学研究却落后了。国家人类基因组研究所于 2008 年 10 月举办了为期 2 天的研讨会，召集了一个跨学科科学家小组，为转化研究提出前瞻性的优先事项。该研究议程旨在纠正导致四种主要慢性疾病（心脏病、2 型糖尿病、肺病和许多癌症）的三大风险因素（吸烟、不良饮食和缺乏身体活动），这些疾病占全球死亡人数的一半。确定了三个优先研究领域：（1）提高公众的基因素养，以提高消费者技能； （2）衡量基因组信息是否比当前方法更能改善风险沟通和采取更健康的行为； （3）探索基因组发现与新兴技术相结合是否可以阐明新的行为干预目标。还确定了重要的横切主题，包括需要：（1）预测基因组发现的方向； (2) 以不可知论的科学视角提出研究问题，询问基因组发现是否为其他健康促进工作增加价值； (3) 考虑导致重要公共卫生问题的多层次影响和系统。这些优先事项和主题为各种利益相关者提供了一个框架，包括制定研究经费优先事项的人、从事基因组学研究的跨学科团队，以及努力解决如何使用基因组学研究产品来应对公共卫生挑战的政策制定者。
Despite the quickening momentum of genomic discovery, the communication, behavioral, and social sciences research needed for translating this discovery into public health applications has lagged behind. The National Human Genome Research Institute held a 2-day workshop in October 2008 convening an interdisciplinary group of scientists to recommend forward-looking priorities for translational research. This research agenda would be designed to redress the top three risk factors (tobacco use, poor diet, and physical inactivity) that contribute to the four major chronic diseases (heart disease, type 2 diabetes, lung disease, and many cancers) and account for half of all deaths worldwide. Three priority research areas were identified: (1) improving the public’s genetic literacy in order to enhance consumer skills; (2) gauging whether genomic information improves risk communication and adoption of healthier behaviors more than current approaches; and (3) exploring whether genomic discovery in concert with emerging technologies can elucidate new behavioral intervention targets. Important crosscutting themes also were identified, including the need to: (1) anticipate directions of genomic discovery; (2) take an agnostic scientific perspective in framing research questions asking whether genomic discovery adds value to other health promotion efforts; and (3) consider multiple levels of influence and systems that contribute to important public health problems. The priorities and themes offer a framework for a variety of stakeholders, including those who develop priorities for research funding, interdisciplinary teams engaged in genomics research, and policymakers grappling with how to use the products born of genomics research to address public health challenges.
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