Early changes in apoplast composition associated with defence and disease in interactions between Phaseolus vulgaris and the halo blight pathogen Pseudomonas syringae Pv. phaseolicola.
Early changes in apoplast composition associated with defence and disease in interactions between Phaseolus vulgaris and the halo blight pathogen Pseudomonas syringae Pv. phaseolicola.
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DOI：
10.1111/pce.12770
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发表时间：
2016-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Preston GM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Leary BM;Neale HC;Geilfus CM;Jackson RW;Arnold DL;Preston GM
质外体是内生病原菌如丁香假单胞菌生长和与植物细胞相互作用的场所。本研究利用代谢组学和离子分析技术，研究了菜豆叶片质外体液组分在与两个紫丁香根结线虫亲和和不亲和互作的前6小时内的变化。携带无毒岛的菌株PPh1302a可诱导植物产生效应触发的免疫反应，并导致质外体组成的特殊变化，包括电导率、pH、柠檬酸、γ-氨基丁酸和K+的增加，这些都与植物防御反应的开始有关。其他的质外体变化，包括Ca~(2+)，Fe~(2+)，Mg~(2+)，蔗糖，β-氰基丙氨酸和几种氨基酸的增加，在与PPH1302a和强毒的无岛菌株PPHRJ3的相互作用中发生了相对相似的程度。代谢足迹实验表明，PPH优先代谢苹果酸、葡萄糖和谷氨酸，但排除某些其他丰富的质外体代谢物，包括柠檬酸和GABA，直到首选代谢物被耗尽。这些结果表明，PPH对叶质外体代谢环境有很好的适应性，PPHGI-1的缺失使PPH能够避免与植物防御相关的质外体组成的变化。质外体隔室是内生病原菌如丁香假单胞菌生长并与植物细胞相互作用的场所。在植物-病原菌相互作用过程中控制质外体的组成可以作为寄主植物和入侵细菌生存的进化策略的基础。在这里，我们结合质外体提取方法、代谢组学和离子分析技术来描述四季豆叶片质外体的组成，并确定与细菌病原菌丁香P.syringae PV的抗性和感病相互作用相关的质外体组成的变化。菜豆。我们证明了质外体充满了可用于支持病原体生长的营养物质，并鉴定了某些离子和代谢产物，这些离子和代谢物在表达效应器触发的免疫的植物的质外体中显著增加。
The apoplast is the arena in which endophytic pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae grow and interact with plant cells. Using metabolomic and ion analysis techniques, this study shows how the composition of Phaseolus vulgaris leaf apoplastic fluid changes during the first six hours of compatible and incompatible interactions with two strains of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola (Pph) that differ in the presence of the genomic island PPHGI‐1. Leaf inoculation with the avirulent island‐carrying strain Pph 1302A elicited effector‐triggered immunity (ETI) and resulted in specific changes in apoplast composition, including increases in conductivity, pH, citrate, γ‐aminobutyrate (GABA) and K+, that are linked to the onset of plant defence responses. Other apoplastic changes, including increases in Ca2+, Fe2/3+ Mg2+, sucrose, β‐cyanoalanine and several amino acids, occurred to a relatively similar extent in interactions with both Pph 1302A and the virulent, island‐less strain Pph RJ3. Metabolic footprinting experiments established that Pph preferentially metabolizes malate, glucose and glutamate, but excludes certain other abundant apoplastic metabolites, including citrate and GABA, until preferred metabolites are depleted. These results demonstrate that Pph is well‐adapted to the leaf apoplast metabolic environment and that loss of PPHGI‐1 enables Pph to avoid changes in apoplast composition linked to plant defences. The apoplastic compartment is the arena in which endophytic pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae grow and interact with plant cells. Controlling the composition of the apoplast during plant–pathogen interactions could underlie evolutionary strategies for survival of both the host plant and invading bacteria. Here we combine an apoplast extraction method with metabolomic and ion analyses techniques to describe the composition of the apoplast of Phaseolus vulgaris leaves, and to determine changes in apoplast composition associated with resistant and susceptible interactions with the bacterial pathogen P. syringae pv. phaseolicola. We demonstrate that the apoplast is replete with nutrients that can be used to support pathogen growth, and identify certain ions and metabolites that increases dramatically in the apoplast of plants expressing effector‐triggered immunity
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