How does gaze to faces support face-to-face interaction? A review and perspective.
How does gaze to faces support face-to-face interaction? A review and perspective.
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DOI：
10.3758/s13423-020-01715-w
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发表时间：
2020-10
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Hessels RS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hessels RS
凝视看向何处、看多久、何时看在人类社会行为中扮演着重要的角色。虽然社会凝视的许多方面已经被审查，有没有全面的审查或理论框架，描述如何凝视的面孔支持面对面的互动。在这篇综述中，我解决了以下问题：（1）为了提供成功交互的相关信息，何时需要将目光分配到面部的特定区域？（2）无论是否需要将目光指向特定区域以获取相关视觉信息，人类如何看待其他人，特别是面部？（3）凝视如何支持互动的调节？回顾的工作涵盖了心理物理学研究，观察研究和基于实验室和互动环境的眼动跟踪研究。基于文献综述，我勾勒出一个框架，为未来的研究基于动态系统理论。该框架认为，凝视应该调查的互动，包括互动者的子状态，互动的内容以及互动的背景。在不同的时间尺度上，从微观发生到个体发生和发育过程中，理解相互作用中凝视的相关子状态是不同的。该框架对视觉科学、精神病理学、发展科学和社会机器人学具有重要意义。
Gaze—where one looks, how long, and when—plays an essential part in human social behavior. While many aspects of social gaze have been reviewed, there is no comprehensive review or theoretical framework that describes how gaze to faces supports face-to-face interaction. In this review, I address the following questions: (1) When does gaze need to be allocated to a particular region of a face in order to provide the relevant information for successful interaction; (2) How do humans look at other people, and faces in particular, regardless of whether gaze needs to be directed at a particular region to acquire the relevant visual information; (3) How does gaze support the regulation of interaction? The work reviewed spans psychophysical research, observational research, and eye-tracking research in both lab-based and interactive contexts. Based on the literature overview, I sketch a framework for future research based on dynamic systems theory. The framework holds that gaze should be investigated in relation to sub-states of the interaction, encompassing sub-states of the interactors, the content of the interaction as well as the interactive context. The relevant sub-states for understanding gaze in interaction vary over different timescales from microgenesis to ontogenesis and phylogenesis. The framework has important implications for vision science, psychopathology, developmental science, and social robotics.
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