Building an intentional and impactful summer research experience to increase diversity in mental health research.
Building an intentional and impactful summer research experience to increase diversity in mental health research.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41386-022-01461-8
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发表时间：
2022-12
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Chartoff, Elena H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Folorunso, Oluwarotimi O.;White, Karen Burns;Alonso-Caraballo, Yanaira;Nowicki, Genevieve P.;Olson, Elizabeth A.;Pizzagalli, Diego A.;Carlezon, William A.;Ressler, Kerry J.;Chartoff, Elena H.
卫生保健和研究的多样性与卫生保健获得和成果的改善有关[1]。历史和结构性的不平等导致了美国心理健康结果的差异，迫切需要心理健康劳动力的代表性来解决健康差异[2]。与一般人口相比，少数种族和族裔群体寻求和接受的心理健康服务较少，在心理健康研究中的代表性明显不足。由于种族或民族而被少数化的人和那些没有被少数化的人的心理健康状况的比率相似，但治疗和研究访问和参与率的降低导致少数化人群的心理健康结果更差[3]。造成这些差异的一个主要系统性因素是缺乏多样化的神经科学家，临床心理学家和精神病学家，导致缺乏多文化胜任的研究和临床护理。例如，在研究中增加代表性可以提高我们对治疗效果差异的理解，以提供更好的精神卫生保健。根据美国国家科学基金会的数据，以下种族和族裔群体在生物医学，临床，行为和卫生服务研究领域的代表性不足：黑人或非裔美国人，西班牙裔或拉丁美洲人，美洲印第安人或阿拉斯加原住民，夏威夷原住民和其他太平洋岛民[4]。这种多样性的缺乏导致了心理健康研究中的偏见[5]，降低了临床研究中的信任，可访问性和参与度，并成为护理人员与患者之间适当护理的障碍。例如，根据神经科学学会（SfN）部门和项目调查（2016-2017）[6]，2016年美国神经科学部门6%的博士前学生，3%的博士后研究员和1%的教师是黑人。这些百分比与其他因种族或种族（PEER）而被排除在外的人相似[7，8]组（图1）。2019年，12%的心理学家属于这些代表性不足的群体（4%黑人，7%西班牙裔，2%“其他”（即美洲印第安人，阿拉斯加原住民，夏威夷原住民/其他太平洋岛民和其他种族以及报告两个或更多种族的人）。在精神病学中，16%的居民，9%的教师和10%的
Diversity in health care and research is associated with improvements in health care access and outcomes [1]. Historical and structural inequalities have led to disparities in mental health outcomes in the US, and representation in the mental health workforce is critically needed to address health disparities [2]. Compared to the general population, people from minoritized racial and ethnic groups seek and receive fewer mental health services and are significantly underrepresented in mental health research studies. Rates of mental health conditions are similar among those who are minoritized due to race or ethnicity and those who are not, but reduced rates of treatment and research access and engagement result in worse mental health outcomes for minoritized people [3]. A major systemic factor contributing to these disparities is a lack of diverse neuroscientists, clinical psychologists, and psychiatrists, resulting in a paucity of multiculturally competent research and clinical care [1]. For example, increased representation in research could improve our understanding of differences in treatment effects to provide better mental health care.A lack of racial and ethnic diversity across these fields has been repeatedly documented. According to the National Science Foundation, the following racial and ethnic groups have been shown to be underrepresented in the fields of biomedical, clinical, behavioral, and health services research: Blacks or African Americans, Hispanics or Latinos, American Indians or Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders [4]. This dearth of diversity contributes to biases in mental health research [5], reduces trust, accessibility, and participation in clinical studies, and acts as a roadblock to appropriate care between caregivers and their patients. For example, according to the Society for Neuroscience (SfN) Departments & Program Survey (2016–2017)[6], 6% of predoctoral students, 3% of postdoctoral fellows, and 1% of faculty in neuroscience departments in the US were Black in 2016. These percentages are similar for other persons excluded because of their ethnicity or race (PEER)[7, 8] groups (Fig. 1). In 2019, 12% of psychologists belonged to these underrepresented groups (4% Black, 7% Hispanic, 2%‘Other’(ie, American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islanders, and other races and those reporting two or more races)[9]. Within psychiatry, 16% of residents, 9% of faculty, and 10% of
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Jackson, Chazeman S.;Gracia, J. Nadine
通讯作者：
Gracia, J. Nadine
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Wyse, Rhea;Hwang, Wei-Ting;Deville, Curtiland, Jr.
通讯作者：
Deville, Curtiland, Jr.
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Chiao JY;Blizinsky KD
通讯作者：
Blizinsky KD
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Quintana, Stephen M.;Mahgoub, Lana
通讯作者：
Mahgoub, Lana
影响因子：
18.4
作者：
Termini CM;Hinton AO Jr;Garza-López E;Koomoa DL;Davis JS;Martínez-Montemayor MM
通讯作者：
Martínez-Montemayor MM