Unexpected diversity and photoperiod dependence of the zebrafish melanopsin system.
Unexpected diversity and photoperiod dependence of the zebrafish melanopsin system.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0025111
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Halpern ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matos-Cruz V;Blasic J;Nickle B;Robinson PR;Hattar S;Halpern ME
动物已经在视网膜和眼外组织中进化出专门的光感受器，使它们能够测量环境中的光变化。在哺乳动物中，视网膜是探测光线并将信息传递给大脑的唯一结构。经典的光感受器，视杆和视锥，通过激活视紫红质和视锥视蛋白来负责视觉。黑色素是在非洲爪哇黑素细胞(Opn4x)中首次发现的另一种光致色素，它在哺乳动物视网膜的一小部分视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)中表达，在那里它介导了非成像功能，如昼夜节光携带和睡眠。虽然哺乳动物只有一个黑色素蛋白基因(Opn4)，但斑马鱼表现出显著的多样性，两个opn4x相关基因和三个Opn4相关基因在发育中的视网膜的多种神经细胞类型中以不同的模式表达，包括双极中间神经元。无内含子的opn4.1基因在光感受器和水平细胞中转录，并产生功能光色素。四个基因也在斑马鱼胚胎的大脑中表达，但在感光松果体中不表达。我们发现，光周期长度影响视网膜层中两个Opn4相关基因的表达，这些基因参与向视网膜节细胞发送光信息。此外，这两个基因都以强健的昼夜节律表达，但与光暗周期相关的阶段不同。结果表明，黑素在调节鱼类的视网膜回路方面发挥了更大的作用。
Animals have evolved specialized photoreceptors in the retina and in extraocular tissues that allow them to measure light changes in their environment. In mammals, the retina is the only structure that detects light and relays this information to the brain. The classical photoreceptors, rods and cones, are responsible for vision through activation of rhodopsin and cone opsins. Melanopsin, another photopigment first discovered in Xenopus melanophores (Opn4x), is expressed in a small subset of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the mammalian retina, where it mediates non-image forming functions such as circadian photoentrainment and sleep. While mammals have a single melanopsin gene (opn4), zebrafish show remarkable diversity with two opn4x-related and three opn4-related genes expressed in distinct patterns in multiple neuronal cell types of the developing retina, including bipolar interneurons. The intronless opn4.1 gene is transcribed in photoreceptors as well as in horizontal cells and produces functional photopigment. Four genes are also expressed in the zebrafish embryonic brain, but not in the photoreceptive pineal gland. We discovered that photoperiod length influences expression of two of the opn4-related genes in retinal layers involved in signaling light information to RGCs. Moreover, both genes are expressed in a robust diurnal rhythm but with different phases in relation to the light-dark cycle. The results suggest that melanopsin has an expanded role in modulating the retinal circuitry of fish.
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影响因子：
5.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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作者：
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