Body, jaw, and dentition lengths of macrophagous lamniform sharks, and body size evolution in Lamniformes with special reference to ‘off-the-scale’ gigantism of the megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon

Body, jaw, and dentition lengths of macrophagous lamniform sharks, and body size evolution in Lamniformes with special reference to ‘off-the-scale’ gigantism of the megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon
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巨食性羊鲨的身体、下巴和牙列长度,以及羊鲨目的体型演化,特别是巨齿鲨(Otodus megalodon)的“超乎寻常”的巨型现象

DOI:
10.1080/08912963.2020.1812598
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
1.4
通讯作者:
Griffiths, Michael L.
Griffiths, Michael L.
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shimada, Kenshu;Becker, Martin A.;Griffiths, Michael L.

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已灭绝的板鳃鲨(Elasmobranchii:Lamniformes)在中生代晚期和新生代的化石记录中有很好的代表,但对它们的生物学知之甚少,因为它们大多仅由牙齿代表。在这里,我们提出的测量从所有13种现存的巨噬性lamniforms标本生成的功能,将允许估计的身体,下巴,和齿列长度灭绝的巨噬性lamniforms从他们的牙齿。这些定量功能使我们能够检查所有已知的巨噬性lamniform属在地质时期的身体大小分布。我们的研究表明,小的身体大小是近形的Lamniformes。有4个属在中、新生代都至少有一个成员达到6m以上,其中大部分是吸热的。Otodus属中最大的形式是O.巨齿鲨(megalodon)(“巨齿鲨”)至少达到14米,考虑到所有其他已知的巨噬性lamniforms的一般大小限制为7米,这确实是一个离群值。在此之前,恒温性被认为是Lamniformes中恒温性的进化驱动力。然而,我们认为,卵胎生生殖涉及子宫内的同类相食,一个可能的Lamniformes的突触,是另一个合理的驱动程序的进化,某些lamniformes类群实现了恒温。
Extinct lamniform sharks (Elasmobranchii: Lamniformes) are well represented in the late Mesozoic‒Cenozoic fossil record, yet their biology is poorly understood because they are mostly represented only by their teeth. Here, we present measurements taken from specimens of all 13 species of extant macrophagous lamniforms to generate functions that would allow estimations of body, jaw, and dentition lengths of extinct macrophagous lamniforms from their teeth. These quantitative functions enable us to examine the body size distribution of all known macrophagous lamniform genera over geologic time. Our study reveals that small body size is plesiomorphic for Lamniformes. There are four genera that included at least one member that reached >6 m during both the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, most of which are endothermic. The largest form of the genusOtodus, O. megalodon(‘megatooth shark’) that reached at least 14 m, is truly an outlier considering that all other known macrophagous lamniforms have a general size limit of 7 m. Endothermy has previously been proposed to be the evolutionary driver for gigantism in Lamniformes. However, we contend that ovoviviparous reproduction involving intrauterine cannibalism, a possible synapomorphy of Lamniformes, to be another plausible driver for the evolution of endothermy achieved by certain lamniform taxa.
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