The Regulation and Functions of Endogenous Retrovirus in Embryo Development and Stem Cell Differentiation.

The Regulation and Functions of Endogenous Retrovirus in Embryo Development and Stem Cell Differentiation.
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内源性逆转录病毒在胚胎发育和干细胞分化中的调控及功能

DOI:
10.1155/2021/6660936
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
4.3
通讯作者:
Liang H
Liang H
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xiang Y;Liang H

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内源性逆转录病毒(ERV)是基因组中的重复序列,属于反转录转座子家族。在生命过程中,ERV与染色质的多个方面以及发育和病理条件下的转录调控有关。在哺乳动物胚胎中,ERV在胚胎发育早期被广泛激活,但具有高度受限的时空模式;在分化过程中,ERV被彻底沉默,但在胚外组织和生殖系中例外。ERV的动态激活模式提出了这样的问题:ERV在生命周期中是如何调控的,以及它们在早期胚胎和体细胞发育过程中是否在功能上对细胞命运决定重要。因此,本文重点介绍ERV在干细胞分化过程中的调控和功能,这表明ERV的激活不是细胞命运转换的被动结果,而是哺乳动物发育和干细胞分化过程中主动的表观遗传和转录调控。
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are repetitive sequences in the genome, belonging to the retrotransposon family. During the course of life, ERVs are associated with multiple aspects of chromatin and transcriptional regulation in development and pathological conditions. In mammalian embryos, ERVs are extensively activated in early embryo development, but with a highly restricted spatial-temporal pattern; and they are drastically silenced during differentiation with exceptions in extraembryonic tissue and germlines. The dynamic activation pattern of ERVs raises questions about how ERVs are regulated in the life cycle and whether they are functionally important to cell fate decision during early embryo and somatic cell development. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the pieces of evidence demonstrating regulations and functions of ERVs during stem cell differentiation, which suggests that ERV activation is not a passive result of cell fate transition but the active epigenetic and transcriptional regulation during mammalian development and stem cell differentiation.
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