Morphogenesis and regulation of Bergmann glial processes during Purkinje cell dendritic spine ensheathment and synaptogenesis.
Morphogenesis and regulation of Bergmann glial processes during Purkinje cell dendritic spine ensheathment and synaptogenesis.
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DOI：
10.1002/glia.20712
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发表时间：
2008-10
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Dunaevsky, Anna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lippman, Jocelyn J.;Lordkipanidze, Tamar;Buell, Margaret E.;Yoon, Sung Ok;Dunaevsky, Anna
星形胶质细胞在突触的形成和功能中具有重要作用，但星形胶质细胞过程如何在发育过程中与突触结构相关联还不清楚。在这里，我们分析了在小脑突触发生过程中延伸出的主要伯格曼神经胶质（BG）轴的过程的增长模式。我们发现，在此期间，BG过程的产物与树突棘的鞘化增加。此外，双光子延时成像显示BG过程是高度动态的，并且随着脊柱入鞘期的进展，过程变得更加稳定。虽然进程的运动性是依赖于肌动蛋白聚合，活性的细胞骨架调节Rac 1和RhoG没有发挥作用，在胶质细胞的过程动力学或密度，但维持进程的长度是至关重要的。我们扩展了这一发现，以探讨进程形态和ensheathment之间的关系，发现缩短的过程中减少覆盖的脊柱。此外，我们发现，在BG表达dn-Rac 1，因此有一个较低水平的突触鞘，显示了突触数量的整体增加。这些分析揭示了BG过程如何生长到突触结构周围，阐明了BG过程结构对突触鞘化的适当发展的重要性，并揭示了鞘化在突触形成中的作用。
Astrocytes have an important role in synaptic formation and function but how astrocytic processes become associated with synaptic structures during development is not well understood. Here we analyzed the pattern of growth of the processes extending off the main Bergmann glial (BG) shafts during synaptogenesis in the cerebellum. We found that during this period BG process outgrowth was correlated with increased ensheathment of dendritic spines. In addition, two-photon time-lapse imaging revealed that BG processes were highly dynamic, and processes became more stable as the period of spine ensheathment progressed. While process motility was dependent on actin polymerization, activity of cytoskeletal regulators Rac1 and RhoG did not play a role in glial process dynamics or density, but was critical for maintaining process length. We extended this finding to probe the relationship between process morphology and ensheathment, finding that shortened processes result in decreased coverage of the spine. Furthermore, we found that areas in which BG expressed dn-Rac1, and therefore had a lower level of synaptic ensheathment, showed an overall increase in synapse number. These analyses reveal how BG processes grow to surround synaptic structures, elucidate the importance of BG process structure for proper development of synaptic ensheathment, and reveal a role for ensheathment in synapse formation.
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