Global scanning of cylindrospermopsin: Critical review and analysis of aquatic occurrence, bioaccumulation, toxicity and health hazards.
Global scanning of cylindrospermopsin: Critical review and analysis of aquatic occurrence, bioaccumulation, toxicity and health hazards.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139807
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发表时间：
2020-10-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Brooks BW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scarlett KR;Kim S;Lovin LM;Chatterjee S;Scott JT;Brooks BW
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) 是一种由有害藻华产生的蓝藻毒素，已在全世界范围内得到报道；然而，对其对地表水质量的潜在风险的了解仍然有限。在本研究中，我们回顾了有关 CYN 在水生系统中的全球发生、生物蓄积和毒性的现有文献，特别关注淡水。随后，我们开发了地表水中 CYN 的环境暴露分布 (EED)，并使用准则值 (GV) 进行概率环境危害评估 (PEHA)。 PEHA 按地理区域、水生系统类型和基质进行。 CYN 在北美、欧洲和亚太地区盛行，其中湖泊是最常见的系统。许多全球整体水 EED 超过了先前为饮用水（例如 0.5 μg L−1）和娱乐水（例如 1 μg L−1）制定的指导值 (GV)。亚太地区以及河流和水库的 GV 超标较高。亚太地区河流有 73.2% 的时间超过了最低饮用水 GV。然而，缺乏用于分析的标准化方案令人担忧，这需要在未来的研究中进行改进。此外，软体动物、甲壳类动物和鱼类中也有 CYN 生物累积的报道，但此类暴露信息仍然有限。尽管一些出版物报道了 CYN 的水生毒性，但缺乏慢性水生毒性数据，特别是对于较高营养级生物体。大多数水生毒性研究没有采用标准化的实验设计，未能分析验证处理水平，也没有报告用于实验的 CYN 纯度；因此，现有数据不足以得出水质准则。考虑到全球地表水中 CYN 超标率如此之高，以及水生生物累积和毒性数据有限，有必要进行进一步的水生监测、环境归趋和机制毒理学研究，以强有力地评估和管理公共卫生和环境面临的水质风险。
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN), a cyanotoxin produced by harmful algal blooms, has been reported worldwide; however, there remains limited understanding of its potential risks to surface water quality. In the present study, we reviewed available literature regarding the global occurrence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of CYN in aquatic systems with a particular focus on fresh water. We subsequently developed environmental exposure distributions (EEDs) for CYN in surface waters and performed probabilistic environmental hazard assessments (PEHAs) using guideline values (GVs). PEHAs were performed by geographic region, type of aquatic system, and matrix. CYN was prevalent in North America, Europe, and Asia/Pacific, with lakes being the most common system. Many global whole water EEDs exceeded guideline values (GV) previously developed for drinking water (e.g., 0.5 μg L−1) and recreational water (e.g., 1 μg L−1). GV exceedances were higher in the Asia/Pacific region, and in rivers and reservoirs. Rivers in Asia/Pacific region exceeded the lowest drinking water GV 73.2% of the time. However, the lack of standardized protocols used for analyses was alarming, which warrants improvement in future studies. In addition, bioaccumulation of CYN has been reported in mollusks, crustaceans, and fish, but such exposure information remains limited. Though several publications have reported aquatic toxicity of CYN, there is a lack of chronic aquatic toxicity data especially for higher trophic level organisms. Most aquatic toxicity studies have not employed standardized experimental designs, failed to analytically verify treatment levels, and did not report purity of CYN used for experiments; therefore, existing data are insufficient to derive water quality guidelines. Considering such elevated exceedances of CYN in global surface waters and limited aquatic bioaccumulation and toxicity data, further aquatic monitoring, environmental fate and mechanistic toxicology studies are warranted to robustly assess and manage water quality risks to public health and the environment.
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影响因子：
11.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.4236/jwarp.2011.36044
发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
Journal of Water Resource and Protection
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