Internal State Dependent Odor Processing and Perception-The Role of Neuromodulation in the Fly Olfactory System.
Internal State Dependent Odor Processing and Perception-The Role of Neuromodulation in the Fly Olfactory System.
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DOI：
10.3389/fncel.2018.00011
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Grunwald Kadow IC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sayin S;Boehm AC;Kobler JM;De Backer JF;Grunwald Kadow IC
动物在很大程度上依赖于它们的嗅觉来与不断变化的环境进行各种重要的互动。空气传播的气味线索的动荡和组合的性质要求就业的各种编码策略，使动物调谐到其内部的需要和过去或现在的经验。此外，这些内部需求可能取决于饥饿、生殖状况和疾病等内部状态。神经调节是在这种情况下提供灵活性的关键组成部分。理解神经调节的贡献，如感觉神经元敏化和选择偏差，需要在局部和全局范围内操纵神经元活动。有了果蝇的遗传工具集，这些操作是可行的，甚至可以详细了解经典神经调节剂的功能作用，如多巴胺，章鱼胺和神经肽。在过去的几年里，解开了各种机制，适应化学感觉处理和感知的内部状态，如饥饿和生殖状态。然而，未来的研究还应该调查其他内部状态的机制，包括内源性微生物群对果蝇行为的调节作用。此外，致病性感染引起的疾病可能会导致新的见解的神经调制器的电路，整合这种负面的摄食后信号的电路内的嗅觉行为和学习。果蝇提供的丰富的工具将有助于建立一个具体的图片神经调节对嗅觉和新陈代谢的影响，适应行为和我们对大脑如何工作的整体理解。
Animals rely heavily on their sense of olfaction to perform various vital interactions with an ever-in-flux environment. The turbulent and combinatorial nature of air-borne odorant cues demands the employment of various coding strategies, which allow the animal to attune to its internal needs and past or present experiences. Furthermore, these internal needs can be dependent on internal states such as hunger, reproductive state and sickness. Neuromodulation is a key component providing flexibility under such conditions. Understanding the contributions of neuromodulation, such as sensory neuron sensitization and choice bias requires manipulation of neuronal activity on a local and global scale. With Drosophila's genetic toolset, these manipulations are feasible and even allow a detailed look on the functional role of classical neuromodulators such as dopamine, octopamine and neuropeptides. The past years unraveled various mechanisms adapting chemosensory processing and perception to internal states such as hunger and reproductive state. However, future research should also investigate the mechanisms underlying other internal states including the modulatory influence of endogenous microbiota on Drosophila behavior. Furthermore, sickness induced by pathogenic infection could lead to novel insights as to the neuromodulators of circuits that integrate such a negative postingestive signal within the circuits governing olfactory behavior and learning. The enriched emporium of tools Drosophila provides will help to build a concrete picture of the influence of neuromodulation on olfaction and metabolism, adaptive behavior and our overall understanding of how a brain works.
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影响因子：
29
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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2.5
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