Nicotinamide riboside improves muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, satellite cell differentiation, and gut microbiota in a twin study.

Nicotinamide riboside improves muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, satellite cell differentiation, and gut microbiota in a twin study.
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DOI:
10.1126/sciadv.add5163
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发表时间:
2023-01-13
期刊:
影响因子:
13.6
通讯作者:
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中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
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烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)前体烟酰胺核苷(NR)是一种有希望改善肥胖相关线粒体功能障碍和代谢综合征的化合物。然而,到目前为止进行的大多数短期临床试验都没有报告积极的结果。因此,我们的目标是确定长期补充NR是否促进人类线粒体的生物发生和代谢健康。20对体重指数(BMI)不一致的同卵双胞胎补充递增剂量的NR(250至1000 mg/天),持续5个月。NR改善了两对同卵双胞胎的全身NAD+代谢、肌肉线粒体数量、成肌细胞分化和肠道微生物区系组成。在两个同卵双胞胎中,NR也显示出调节肌肉和脂肪组织中基因表达的表观遗传控制的能力。然而,NR并没有改善肥胖或代谢健康。总体而言,我们的结果表明,无论体重指数如何,NR都是人类NAD+代谢、肌肉线粒体生物发生和干细胞功能、肠道微生物区系和DNA甲基化的有效调节剂。烟酰胺核苷是线粒体新陈代谢、卫星细胞分化和肠道微生物区系的有效调节剂。
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) has emerged as a promising compound to improve obesity-associated mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic syndrome in mice. However, most short-term clinical trials conducted so far have not reported positive outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether long-term NR supplementation boosts mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic health in humans. Twenty body mass index (BMI)–discordant monozygotic twin pairs were supplemented with an escalating dose of NR (250 to 1000 mg/day) for 5 months. NR improved systemic NAD+ metabolism, muscle mitochondrial number, myoblast differentiation, and gut microbiota composition in both cotwins. NR also showed a capacity to modulate epigenetic control of gene expression in muscle and adipose tissue in both cotwins. However, NR did not ameliorate adiposity or metabolic health. Overall, our results suggest that NR acts as a potent modifier of NAD+ metabolism, muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and stem cell function, gut microbiota, and DNA methylation in humans irrespective of BMI. Nicotinamide riboside is a potent modifier of mitochondrial metabolism, satellite cell differentiation and gut microbiota.
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