Stroke frequency, but not swimming speed, is related to body size in free-ranging seabirds, pinnipeds and cetaceans.
Stroke frequency, but not swimming speed, is related to body size in free-ranging seabirds, pinnipeds and cetaceans.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2006.0005
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发表时间：
2007-02-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Naito, Yasuhiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sato, Katsufumi;Watanuki, Yutaka;Takahashi, Akinori;Miller, Patrick J. O.;Tanaka, Hideji;Kawabe, Ryo;Ponganis, Paul J.;Handrich, Yves;Akamatsu, Tomonari;Watanabe, Yuuki;Mitani, Yoko;Costa, Daniel P.;Bost, Charles-Andre;Aoki, Kagari;Amano, Masao;Trathan, Phil;Shapiro, Ari;Naito, Yasuhiko
很明显，至少在定性上，小动物的运动装置比大型动物移动得更快：小昆虫移动翅膀的速度看不见地快，而大鸟拍打翅膀的速度很慢。然而，从自由游动的动物身上很难获得定量的观察结果。我们使用动物携带的加速度计测量了从0.5 公斤的海鸟到30 000 公斤抹香鲸的游泳行为。游泳专家海鸟和海洋哺乳动物的优势划水周期频率与质量−成正比(R2=0.99，n=17组)，而1~2 m S−1的推进游泳速度与体型无关。这种比例关系是从屏气潜水员获得的，他们希望以最佳的方式游泳以保存氧气，这与最近关于最佳游泳的理论预测并不一致。同时使用翅膀游泳和飞行的海鸟的划水频率低于其他相同体型的游泳专家，这表明在形态上与翅膀大小和划水频率之间的权衡代表着一种折衷。相比之下，脚驱动的潜水鸟，如沙格鸟，与其他游泳专家的划水频率相似。这些结果表明，在巡航旅行中，肌肉特征可能会限制游泳，潜水专家在推进肌肉的比例和收缩速度上趋于一致。
It is obvious, at least qualitatively, that small animals move their locomotory apparatus faster than large animals: small insects move their wings invisibly fast, while large birds flap their wings slowly. However, quantitative observations have been difficult to obtain from free-ranging swimming animals. We surveyed the swimming behaviour of animals ranging from 0.5 kg seabirds to 30 000 kg sperm whales using animal-borne accelerometers. Dominant stroke cycle frequencies of swimming specialist seabirds and marine mammals were proportional to mass−0.29 (R2=0.99, n=17 groups), while propulsive swimming speeds of 1–2 m s−1 were independent of body size. This scaling relationship, obtained from breath-hold divers expected to swim optimally to conserve oxygen, does not agree with recent theoretical predictions for optimal swimming. Seabirds that use their wings for both swimming and flying stroked at a lower frequency than other swimming specialists of the same size, suggesting a morphological trade-off with wing size and stroke frequency representing a compromise. In contrast, foot-propelled diving birds such as shags had similar stroke frequencies as other swimming specialists. These results suggest that muscle characteristics may constrain swimming during cruising travel, with convergence among diving specialists in the proportions and contraction rates of propulsive muscles.
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影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Sato, K;Mitani, Y;Naito, Y
通讯作者：
Naito, Y
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Bejan, A;Marden, JH
通讯作者：
Marden, JH
DOI：
10.1086/physzool.61.4.30161251
发表时间：
1988-07-01
期刊：
PHYSIOLOGICAL ZOOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
HUI, CA
通讯作者：
HUI, CA
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Sato, K;Charrassin, JB;Naito, Y
通讯作者：
Naito, Y
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2002.2252
发表时间：
2003-03-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Watanuki, Y;Niizuma, Y;Naito, Y
通讯作者：
Naito, Y