A Review of the Benefits of Nature Experiences: More Than Meets the Eye.
A Review of the Benefits of Nature Experiences: More Than Meets the Eye.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph14080864
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fuller RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Franco LS;Shanahan DF;Fuller RA
自然界的经验能使人受益的证据积累得很快。然而，也许是因为视觉在人类中占主导地位，大多数研究都集中在自然体验的视觉方面。然而，人类是多感官的，似乎许多好处都是通过非视觉感官传递的，这些可能是生理机制发生的潜在途径。在这里，我们通过声音、嗅觉、味觉、触觉和三种非感官途径，回顾了这些较少研究的感官途径的证据。自然的声音和气味支撑着许多人对自然的体验，这很可能植根于进化心理学。自然的触觉体验，尤其是动物抚摸之外的，尚未得到充分的研究，但可能具有根本的重要性。通过种植和食用天然食物，自然的味道与一系列健康和福祉有关。除了五种感官之外，越来越多的证据表明，其他非视觉途径也能有效地体验自然。这些包括摄入或吸入植物杀灭剂、负离子和微生物。我们得出的结论是：(i)这些非视觉途径对于提供自然体验的好处具有潜在的重要意义；（ii）证据基础相对薄弱，往往基于相关研究；(3)需要对这些感官和非感官途径进行更深入的探索。
Evidence that experiences of nature can benefit people has accumulated rapidly. Yet perhaps because of the domination of the visual sense in humans, most research has focused on the visual aspects of nature experiences. However, humans are multisensory, and it seems likely that many benefits are delivered through the non-visual senses and these are potentially avenues through which a physiological mechanism could occur. Here we review the evidence around these lesser studied sensory pathways—through sound, smell, taste, touch, and three non-sensory pathways. Natural sounds and smells underpin experiences of nature for many people, and this may well be rooted in evolutionary psychology. Tactile experiences of nature, particularly beyond animal petting, are understudied yet potentially fundamentally important. Tastes of nature, through growing and consuming natural foods, have been linked with a range of health and well-being benefits. Beyond the five senses, evidence is emerging for other non-visual pathways for nature experiences to be effective. These include ingestion or inhalation of phytoncides, negative air ions and microbes. We conclude that (i) these non-visual avenues are potentially important for delivering benefits from nature experiences; (ii) the evidence base is relatively weak and often based on correlational studies; and (iii) deeper exploration of these sensory and non-sensory avenues is needed.
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影响因子：
8.3
作者：
Allen, K;Shykoff, BE;Izzo, JL
通讯作者：
Izzo, JL
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.87.19.7777
发表时间：
1990-10-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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