A widespread inversion polymorphism conserved among Saccharomyces species is caused by recurrent homogenization of a sporulation gene family.
A widespread inversion polymorphism conserved among Saccharomyces species is caused by recurrent homogenization of a sporulation gene family.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1010525
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发表时间：
2022-11
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
酵母菌基因组高度共线性，并且在该酵母属的物种内和物种之间显示出相对较小的结构变异。我们调查了唯一常见的倒位多态性已知的S。酿酒酵母，它影响一个24 kb的'翻转/翻转'区域含有15个基因附近的染色体XIV的着丝粒。该区域存在于两个方向，称为参考（REF）和反转（INV）。该区域的减数分裂重组在REF和INV方向株之间的杂交中被抑制，例如BY x RM杂交。我们发现倒位多态性至少有1700万年的历史，因为它在酵母属中是保守的。然而，REF和INV异构体不是古老的等位基因，而是通过每个物种内的区域的重新反转而不断地被重新创建。由于两个几乎相同的4-kb序列的连续均质化而发生倒位，所述序列在翻转区的末端形成倒位重复序列（IR）。IR由两对基因组成，它们在孢子形成的后期特异且强烈地表达。我们发现，这些基因对之一，YNL 018 C/YNL 034 W，编码的蛋白质是孢子形成所必需的。YNL 018 C和YNL 034 W是Centroid基因家族的创始成员，Centroid基因家族的成员在其他真菌科物种中进化迅速，复制频繁，并且优先位于靠近着丝粒的位置。我们检验了质心基因是减数分裂驱动系统的假设，但没有发现支持这一观点的证据。我们发现，酵母属酵母物种基因组的一个区域在两个不同的方向之间反复切换了数百万年。这个24-kb的“翻转/翻转”区域，靠近染色体XIV的着丝粒，在S. cerevisiae，S. paradoxus，可能还有酵母属的所有其他物种。这两个方向都发生在实验室和野生菌株的S。酿酒酵母中，并且在具有相反取向的菌株如S288 C和SK 1之间的杂交中，翻转/翻转区域中的减数分裂重组被抑制。方向的变化是由两个序列之间的重组引起的，这两个序列形成了位于翻转区侧翼的反向重复序列。反向重复序列包含两个在孢子形成中起作用的基因，但目前还不清楚是什么进化压力维持了反向重复序列结构，并导致基因经历持续的同质化。
Saccharomyces genomes are highly collinear and show relatively little structural variation, both within and between species of this yeast genus. We investigated the only common inversion polymorphism known in S. cerevisiae, which affects a 24-kb ‘flip/flop’ region containing 15 genes near the centromere of chromosome XIV. The region exists in two orientations, called reference (REF) and inverted (INV). Meiotic recombination in this region is suppressed in crosses between REF and INV orientation strains such as the BY x RM cross. We find that the inversion polymorphism is at least 17 million years old because it is conserved across the genus Saccharomyces. However, the REF and INV isomers are not ancient alleles but are continually being re-created by re-inversion of the region within each species. Inversion occurs due to continual homogenization of two almost identical 4-kb sequences that form an inverted repeat (IR) at the ends of the flip/flop region. The IR consists of two pairs of genes that are specifically and strongly expressed during the late stages of sporulation. We show that one of these gene pairs, YNL018C/YNL034W, codes for a protein that is essential for spore formation. YNL018C and YNL034W are the founder members of a gene family, Centroid, whose members in other Saccharomycetaceae species evolve fast, duplicate frequently, and are preferentially located close to centromeres. We tested the hypothesis that Centroid genes are a meiotic drive system, but found no support for this idea. We show that a region of the genome of Saccharomyces yeast species has toggled repeatedly between two alternative orientations for millions of years. The orientation of this 24-kb ’flip/flop’ region, near the centromere of chromosome XIV, is polymorphic in S. cerevisiae, S. paradoxus, and probably all other species of the genus Saccharomyces. Both orientations occur in laboratory and wild strains of S. cerevisiae, and meiotic recombination in the flip/flop region is suppressed in crosses between strains having opposite orientations such as S288C and SK1. The changes of orientation are caused by recombination between two sequences that form an inverted repeat flanking the flip/flop region. The inverted repeat contains two genes with roles in sporulation, but it is unclear what evolutionary pressure maintains the inverted repeat structure and causes the genes to undergo continual homogenization.
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DOI：
10.1093/dnares/dsr029
发表时间：
2011-12
期刊：
DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes
影响因子：
--
作者：
Akao T;Yashiro I;Hosoyama A;Kitagaki H;Horikawa H;Watanabe D;Akada R;Ando Y;Harashima S;Inoue T;Inoue Y;Kajiwara S;Kitamoto K;Kitamoto N;Kobayashi O;Kuhara S;Masubuchi T;Mizoguchi H;Nakao Y;Nakazato A;Namise M;Oba T;Ogata T;Ohta A;Sato M;Shibasaki S;Takatsume Y;Tanimoto S;Tsuboi H;Nishimura A;Yoda K;Ishikawa T;Iwashita K;Fujita N;Shimoi H
通讯作者：
Shimoi H
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Coughlan, Aisling Y.;Wolfe, Kenneth H.
通讯作者：
Wolfe, Kenneth H.
影响因子：
14.9
作者：
Bailey TL;Johnson J;Grant CE;Noble WS
通讯作者：
Noble WS
影响因子：
10.7
作者：
Hoang DT;Chernomor O;von Haeseler A;Minh BQ;Vinh LS
通讯作者：
Vinh LS
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Cubillos, Francisco A.;Parts, Leopold;Liti, Gianni
通讯作者：
Liti, Gianni