Practitioner Review: Differential susceptibility theory: might it help in understanding and treating mental health problems in youth?
Practitioner Review: Differential susceptibility theory: might it help in understanding and treating mental health problems in youth?
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DOI：
10.1111/jcpp.13801
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发表时间：
2023-08
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Eley, Thalia C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Assary, Elham;Krebs, Georgina;Eley, Thalia C.
关键词：
素质压力模型将精神病理学倾向的个体差异概念化为环境风险因素与个体内脆弱性之间的相互作用。相比之下，差异易感性理论和相关框架将个体内差异视为对环境敏感性的变化，而不仅仅是对环境的脆弱性。具体来说，他们认为，更敏感的人比其他不太敏感的人更容易受到环境质量的影响，无论是积极的还是消极的。过去二十年的实证研究支持这一观点，因为在不利的环境中，更高的敏感性与更大的精神病理学风险相关，但在积极的环境中，风险也较低。然而，尽管学术界和公众对这一领域的兴趣越来越大，但目前尚不清楚差异易感性模型在多大程度上与临床实践相关或适用。本综述的目的是集中在不同的易感性理论作为一种替代解释的个体差异在心理健康和研究其相关性在治疗心理健康问题的年轻人。我们提供了一个概述微分磁化率和相关的理论，以及目前在该领域的相关研究。我们确定了差异易感性模型的理解和治疗年轻人的心理健康问题的潜在影响，同时也强调了目前限制其应用的研究中的重要差距。最后，我们提出了未来研究的方向，这将有助于将差异易感性理论转化为临床实践。
Diathesis‐stress models conceptualise individual differences in propensity for psychopathology as an interaction between environmental risk factors and intra‐individual vulnerabilities. In contrast, the differential susceptibility theory and related frameworks view intra‐individual differences as variations in sensitivity to the environments rather than merely vulnerability to them. Specifically, they suggest that more sensitive individuals are more affected by the quality of their context, whether positive or negative, than others who are less sensitive. Empirical research over the last two decades has found support for this notion in that greater sensitivity is associated with a greater risk of psychopathology in adverse contexts, but also with lower risk in positive environments. However, despite growing academic and public interest in this field, it is currently unclear to what extent the differential susceptibility model is relevant, or applicable, to clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to focus on the differential susceptibility theory as an alternative explanation of individual differences in mental health and examine its relevance in the treatment of mental health problems in young people. We provide an overview of differential susceptibility and related theories, and current relevant research in the field. We identify potential implications of differential susceptibility models for understanding and treating mental health problems in young people, whilst also highlighting important gaps in research that limit their application at present. Finally, we suggest directions for future research that will assist in the translation of differential susceptibility theories into clinical practice.
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