Atypical functional connectivity of temporal cortex with precuneus and visual regions may be an early-age signature of ASD.
Atypical functional connectivity of temporal cortex with precuneus and visual regions may be an early-age signature of ASD.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13229-023-00543-8
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发表时间：
2023-03-10
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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社交能力和语言能力在早期典型发展中紧密交织在一起。然而，在自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）中，社交和语言发展的缺陷是早期的核心症状。我们之前报道过，ASD幼儿的颞上皮层，一个完善的社会和语言区域，显示出对社会情感语言的激活减少；然而，伴随这种异常的非典型皮质连通性仍然未知。我们收集了86名ASD和非ASD受试者（平均年龄2.3±0.7岁）的临床、眼动追踪和静息状态fMRI数据。研究了左右颞上区与其他皮质区域的功能连通性，以及这种连通性与每个儿童的社交和语言能力之间的相关性。虽然在功能连通性方面没有组间差异，但在非ASD受试者中，颞上皮层与额叶和顶叶区域之间的连通性与语言、沟通和社交能力显著相关，而在ASD受试者中则不存在这些影响。相反，无论社会或非社会视觉偏好不同，ASD受试者的颞视区连通性与沟通能力（r(49) = 0.55, p < 0.001）以及颞叶前叶连通性与表达语言能力（r(49) = 0.58, p < 0.001）之间均表现出非典型相关性。不同的连接-行为相关模式可能与ASD和非ASD受试者不同的发育阶段有关。对于超过这个年龄范围的少数受试者来说，使用2岁以前的模板进行空间规范化可能不是最佳的。我们知道，在早期自闭症儿童中，颞上皮层对社交情感语言的激活减少，在这里我们发现，在自闭症儿童中，颞上皮层与视觉和楔前叶皮质也有非典型的连通性，这与沟通和语言能力有关，而这种模式在非自闭症儿童中没有发现。这种非典型性可能是ASD的早期特征，这也解释了为什么这种疾病在早期的语言和社会发展上是异常的。鉴于这些非典型连接模式也存在于老年ASD患者中，我们得出结论，这些非典型连接模式持续存在于各个年龄段，这可能解释了为什么针对所有年龄段ASD患者的语言和社交技能的成功干预是如此难以实现。在线版本包含补充材料，可在10.1186/s13229-023-00543-8获得。
Social and language abilities are closely intertwined during early typical development. In autism spectrum disorder (ASD), however, deficits in social and language development are early-age core symptoms. We previously reported that superior temporal cortex, a well-established social and language region, shows reduced activation to social affective speech in ASD toddlers; however, the atypical cortical connectivity that accompanies this deviance remains unknown. We collected clinical, eye tracking, and resting-state fMRI data from 86 ASD and non-ASD subjects (mean age 2.3 ± 0.7 years). Functional connectivity of left and right superior temporal regions with other cortical regions and correlations between this connectivity and each child’s social and language abilities were examined. While there was no group difference in functional connectivity, the connectivity between superior temporal cortex and frontal and parietal regions was significantly correlated with language, communication, and social abilities in non-ASD subjects, but these effects were absent in ASD subjects. Instead, ASD subjects, regardless of different social or nonsocial visual preferences, showed atypical correlations between temporal–visual region connectivity and communication ability (r(49) = 0.55, p < 0.001) and between temporal–precuneus connectivity and expressive language ability (r(49) = 0.58, p < 0.001). The distinct connectivity–behavior correlation patterns may be related to different developmental stages in ASD and non-ASD subjects. The use of a prior 2-year-old template for spatial normalization may not be optimal for a few subjects beyond this age range. Superior temporal cortex is known to have reduced activation to social affective speech in ASD at early ages, and here we find in ASD toddlers that it also has atypical connectivity with visual and precuneus cortices that is correlated with communication and language ability, a pattern not seen in non-ASD toddlers. This atypicality may be an early-age signature of ASD that also explains why the disorder has deviant early language and social development. Given that these atypical connectivity patterns are also present in older individuals with ASD, we conclude these atypical connectivity patterns persist across age and may explain why successful interventions targeting language and social skills at all ages in ASD are so difficult to achieve. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13229-023-00543-8.
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