Distinct neural encoding of glimpsed and masked speech in multitalker situations.
Distinct neural encoding of glimpsed and masked speech in multitalker situations.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.3002128
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发表时间：
2023-06
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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在多人环境中，人类可以轻松地收听一个人的讲话，同时仍能拾取一些背景语音；然而，目前尚不清楚我们如何感知被屏蔽的语音以及非目标语音的处理程度。一些模型表明，感知可以通过瞥见来实现，这是说话者比背景拥有更多能量的光谱时间区域。然而，其他模型需要恢复遮蔽区域。为了澄清这个问题，我们直接记录了神经外科患者的初级和非初级听觉皮层 (AC)，因为他们在多说话者语音中关注一名说话者，并训练时间响应函数模型，以根据瞥见和掩盖的刺激特征来预测高伽马神经活动。我们发现，瞥见的语音是在目标和非目标说话者的语音特征级别上进行编码的，并在非主要 AC 中增强了目标语音的编码。相比之下，仅针对目标发现了掩蔽语音特征的编码，与瞥见的语音特征相比，具有更大的响应延迟和独特的解剖结构。这些发现提出了编码瞥见语音和掩蔽语音的不同机制，并为瞥见语音感知模型提供了神经证据。当人类在“鸡尾酒会”场景中收听一位讲话者时，我们如何处理非目标语音？这项人类颅内研究揭示了听众在拥挤环境中处理目标语音和非目标语音的不同机制的新见解。
Humans can easily tune in to one talker in a multitalker environment while still picking up bits of background speech; however, it remains unclear how we perceive speech that is masked and to what degree non-target speech is processed. Some models suggest that perception can be achieved through glimpses, which are spectrotemporal regions where a talker has more energy than the background. Other models, however, require the recovery of the masked regions. To clarify this issue, we directly recorded from primary and non-primary auditory cortex (AC) in neurosurgical patients as they attended to one talker in multitalker speech and trained temporal response function models to predict high-gamma neural activity from glimpsed and masked stimulus features. We found that glimpsed speech is encoded at the level of phonetic features for target and non-target talkers, with enhanced encoding of target speech in non-primary AC. In contrast, encoding of masked phonetic features was found only for the target, with a greater response latency and distinct anatomical organization compared to glimpsed phonetic features. These findings suggest separate mechanisms for encoding glimpsed and masked speech and provide neural evidence for the glimpsing model of speech perception. When humans tune in to one talker in a "cocktail party" scenario, what do we do with the non-target speech? This human intracranial study reveals new insights into the distinct mechanisms by which listeners process target and non-target speech in a crowded environment.
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