Karmitoxin: An Amine-Containing Polyhydroxy-Polyene Toxin from the Marine Dinoflagellate Karlodinium armiger.

Karmitoxin: An Amine-Containing Polyhydroxy-Polyene Toxin from the Marine Dinoflagellate Karlodinium armiger.
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DOI:
10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00860
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发表时间:
2017-05-26
影响因子:
5.1
通讯作者:
Larsen TO
Larsen TO
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rasmussen SA;Binzer SB;Hoeck C;Meier S;de Medeiros LS;Andersen NG;Place A;Nielsen KF;Hansen PJ;Larsen TO

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Marine algae from the genus Karlodinium are known to be involved in fish-killing events worldwide. Here we report for the first time the chemistry and bioactivity of a natural product from the newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate Karlodinium armiger. Our work describes the isolation and structural characterization of a new polyhydroxy-polyene named karmitoxin. The structure elucidation work was facilitated by use of 13C enrichment and high-field 2D NMR spectroscopy, where 1H–13C long-range correlations turned out to be very informative. Karmitoxin is structurally related to amphidinols and karlotoxins; however it differs by containing the longest carbon–carbon backbone discovered for this class of compounds, as well as a primary amino group. Karmitoxin showed potent nanomolar cytotoxic activity in an RTgill-W1 cell assay as well as rapid immobilization and eventual mortality of the copepod Acartia tonsa, a natural grazer of K. armiger.
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