A Comparison of Convective Storm Inflow Moisture Variability between the Great Plains and the Southeastern United States Using Multiplatform Field Campaign Observations
A Comparison of Convective Storm Inflow Moisture Variability between the Great Plains and the Southeastern United States Using Multiplatform Field Campaign Observations
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使用多平台现场观测比较大平原和美国东南部之间的对流风暴流入水分变化
DOI：
10.1175/jtech-d-22-0037.1
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Chu, Yufei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin, Guo;Wang, Zhien;Ziegler, Conrad;Hu, Xiao-Ming;Xue, Ming;Geerts, Bart;Chu, Yufei
在近风暴流入的水汽含量的大小可以支持或阻止风暴的高档增长和维持。然而，风暴附近的水分场的异质性仍然知之甚少，因为业务观测网络缺乏细节。这项观测研究表明，近风暴入流的水汽环境是显着的异质性和不同的远入流风暴环境。这项研究还描述了在美国东南部和大平原地区的龙卷风高峰季节期间，水汽混合比（WVMR）的时间变化对不稳定性的重要性，分别在2018年东南部龙卷风实验（VSE 18）活动和雷达和UAS对超级单体（TORUS）活动的有针对性的观测期间。VSE18结果表明，地面过程在低层对WVMR的变化有显著的控制作用，在东南部地区，入流时最高的WVMR主要位于近地面。相比之下，TORUS的结果表明，更垂直均匀的WVMR配置文件和相当均匀的水汽分布变化发生在深，潮湿的分层流入大平原地区。5分钟内的水汽变化可能导致VSE 18和TORUS的CAPE变化超过1000 J kg− 1，这代表了风暴增强或减弱的重要潜在浮力扰动。这些时间的水汽和不稳定的演变移动风暴仍然很难捕获通过无线电探空仪和固定在现场或剖面仪器，但可能会产生强烈的影响风暴的演变。这项研究表明，改善观测近风暴入流水分的变化可以准确地细化一个潜在的恶劣天气threaten.Significance StatementIt长期以来一直被认为是更好的观测对流风暴附近的行星边界层（PBL）入流，以提高恶劣天气预报。除了间隔稀疏的每12小时一次的探测网外，目前的业务网基本上不提供边界层的剖面测量。更频繁的地球静止卫星观测不能提供足够高的边界层垂直分辨率。本研究使用机载激光雷达剖面仪测量，以检查在大平原和美国东南部的对流风暴在各自的龙卷风季节的流入区域的水分。在0.5分钟时间尺度上，边界层水汽的快速变化可导致CAPE扰动超过1000 J kg−1，这代表着可能促进风暴增强或减弱的显著扰动。严重的雷暴可能会产生高影响的天气现象，如龙卷风，大风，冰雹和暴雨，这些都有重大的社会经济影响。最后，通过对比两个地区的对流风暴入流特征，这项研究可能会导致更准确的评估恶劣天气的威胁。
The magnitude of water vapor content within the near-storm inflow can either support or deter the storm’s upscale growth and maintenance. However, the heterogeneity of the moisture field near storms remains poorly understood because the operational observation network lacks detail. This observational study illustrates that near-storm inflow water vapor environments are both significantly heterogeneous and different than the far-inflow storm environment. This study also depicts the importance of temporal variation of water vapor mixing ratio (WVMR) to instability during the peak tornadic seasons in the U.S. Southeast and Great Plains regions during the Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment Southeast 2018 (VSE18) campaign and the Targeted Observation by Radar and UAS of Supercells (TORUS) campaign, respectively. VSE18 results suggest that the surface processes control WVMR variation significantly in lower levels, with the highest WVMR mainly located near the surface in inflows in the southeast region. In contrast, TORUS results show more vertically homogeneous WVMR profiles and rather uniform water vapor distribution variation occurring in deep, moist stratified inflows in the Great Plains region. Temporal water vapor variations within 5-min periods could lead to over 1000 J kg−1CAPE changes in both VSE18 and TORUS, which represent significant potential buoyancy perturbations for storms to intensify or decay. These temporal water vapor and instability evolutions of moving storms remain difficult to capture via radiosondes and fixed in situ or profiling instrumentation, yet may exert a strong impact on storm evolution. This study suggests that improving observations of the variability of near-storm inflow moisture can accurately refine a potential severe weather threat.Significance StatementIt has long been recognized that better observations of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) inflow near convective storms are needed to improve severe weather forecasting. The current operational networks essentially do not provide profile measurements of the PBL, except for the sparsely spaced 12-hourly sounding network. More frequent geostationary satellite observations do not provide adequately high vertical resolution in the PBL. This study uses airborne lidar profiler measurements to examine moisture in the inflow region of convective storms in the Great Plains and the southeastern United States during their respective tornadic seasons. Rapid PBL water vapor variations on a ∼5 min time scale can lead to CAPE perturbations exceeding 1000 J kg−1, representing significant perturbations that could promote storm intensification or decay. Severe thunderstorms may generate high-impact weather phenomena, such as tornadoes, high winds, hail, and heavy rainfall, which have substantial socioeconomic impacts. Ultimately, by contrasting characteristics of the convective storm inflow in the two regions, this study may lead to a more accurate assessment of severe weather threats.
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影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Stechman, D.M.;McFarquhar, G.M.;Rauber, R.M.;Jewett, B.F.;and Black, R.A.
通讯作者：
and Black, R.A.
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影响因子：
3.2
作者：
A. Wade;M. Coniglio;C. Ziegler
通讯作者：
C. Ziegler
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
J. King;M. Parker;Keith D. Sherburn;G. Lackmann
通讯作者：
J. King;M. Parker;Keith D. Sherburn;G. Lackmann
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Davies;A. Fischer
通讯作者：
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COPS-91 期间超级电池的机载多普勒雷达分析
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
D. Dowell;H. Bluestein;D. Jorgensen
通讯作者：
D. Jorgensen