Laminin Polymerization and Inherited Disease: Lessons From Genetics.

Laminin Polymerization and Inherited Disease: Lessons From Genetics.
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DOI:
10.3389/fgene.2021.707087
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Hamill KJ
Hamill KJ
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shaw L;Sugden CJ;Hamill KJ

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层粘连蛋白 (LM) 是基底膜糖蛋白家族,在支持上皮、内皮、神经和肌肉粘附方面具有重要的结构作用,在调节细胞迁移、增殖、干细胞维持和分化方面具有信号传导作用。层粘连蛋白是由在细胞内组装的 α、β 和 γ 链组成的专性异三聚体。然而,在细胞外,这些异源三聚体随后通过层粘连蛋白 N 末端 (LN) 结构域之间的相互作用组装成更高阶的网络。体外蛋白质研究已经确定了组装动力学和参与相邻 LN 结构域结合的结构基序。这些相互作用的生理学重要性已通过对 LN 结构域致病性点突变的研究得到确定,这些点突变导致综合症,其表型取决于层粘连蛋白基因的突变。同一层粘连蛋白的敲除和 LN 结构域错义突变之间的基因型-表型比较可以推断层粘连蛋白网络组装在组织功能方面的作用。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论层粘连蛋白疾病方面的这些比较,以及了解这些过程所允许的治疗选择。我们还将讨论层粘连蛋白网络组装的非层粘连蛋白介体的最新发现及其对基底膜结构和功能的影响。
The laminins (LM) are a family of basement membranes glycoproteins with essential structural roles in supporting epithelia, endothelia, nerves and muscle adhesion, and signaling roles in regulating cell migration, proliferation, stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Laminins are obligate heterotrimers comprised of α, β and γ chains that assemble intracellularly. However, extracellularly these heterotrimers then assemble into higher-order networks via interaction between their laminin N-terminal (LN) domains. In vitro protein studies have identified assembly kinetics and the structural motifs involved in binding of adjacent LN domains. The physiological importance of these interactions has been identified through the study of pathogenic point mutations in LN domains that lead to syndromic disorders presenting with phenotypes dependent on which laminin gene is mutated. Genotype-phenotype comparison between knockout and LN domain missense mutations of the same laminin allows inferences to be drawn about the roles of laminin network assembly in terms of tissue function. In this review, we will discuss these comparisons in terms of laminin disorders, and the therapeutic options that understanding these processes have allowed. We will also discuss recent findings of non-laminin mediators of laminin network assembly and their implications in terms of basement membrane structure and function.
人羊膜含有一种新型的层粘连蛋白变体7,与层粘连蛋白6一样,将其与层粘连蛋白5共同促进,以促进稳定的上皮粘膜附着。
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