Causes and consequences of micronuclei.

Causes and consequences of micronuclei.
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微核的原因和后果。

DOI:
10.1016/j.ceb.2021.01.004
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发表时间:
2021-06
影响因子:
7.5
通讯作者:
Cleveland DW
Cleveland DW
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Krupina K;Goginashvili A;Cleveland DW

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细胞核是小的膜结合区室,其DNA内容物被核膜包裹,并在空间上与初级核分离。长期以来,染色体核型与染色体不稳定性、基因组重排和诱变有关。它们经常在癌症、衰老和遗传毒性应激后发现。受损的微核包膜的完整性延迟或破坏DNA复制,抑制DNA修复,并将微核DNA直接暴露于细胞质。微核在肿瘤发生中起核心作用,微核DNA是复杂基因组重排(包括染色体断裂)的来源,并促进可能导致癌症转移的环GMP-AMP合酶(cGAS)介导的细胞免疫应答。在这里,我们讨论了最近的研究结果,微核是如何产生的,后果是什么,以及什么细胞机制可以应用于防止微核。
Micronuclei are small membrane bounded compartments with a DNA content encapsulated by a nuclear envelope and spatially separated from the primary nucleus. Micronuclei have long been linked to chromosome instability, genome rearrangements, and mutagenesis. They are frequently found in cancers, during senescence, and following genotoxic stress. Compromised integrity of the micronuclear envelope delays or disrupts DNA replication, inhibits DNA repair, and exposes micronuclear DNA directly to cytoplasm. Micronuclei play a central role in tumorigenesis, with micronuclear DNA being a source of complex genome rearrangements (including chromothripsis) and promoting a cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)-mediated cellular immune response that may contribute to cancer metastasis. Here, we discuss recent findings on how micronuclei are generated, what the consequences are, and what cellular mechanisms can be applied to protect against micronucleation.
染色体不稳定性通过胞质DNA反应驱动转移。
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